Section 1 - Introduction, logistics, itinerary and general information.
Section 2 - Birding sites (part 1).
Section 3 - Birding sites (part 2).
Section 4 - Birding sites (part 3).
Section 5 - Annotated checklist.

Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Bahia

This following lists all species known to date to have been recorded in Bahia. Nomenclature, sequence and taxonomy follow Sibley & Monroe (1990), with the exception of some vernacular names which, in the case of conflict, follow Ridgely & Tudor (1989, 1994). Passerine accounts include page numbers and plate numbers from Ridgely & Tudor (Vols. 1 and 2). For non-passerine accounts, plate references are given for some less well known species where available. These are coded according to source: Eg. H10, S12, D4. refering to Hilty (1986), Sick (1993) and Dunning (1987) respectively. Page references to the Red Data Book are cited "RDB". Much information on range as sites has been extracted from Forrester (1993), Forrester (1994) and Tobias et. al. (1993). In the interests of brevity these have been abbreviated as (F93), (F94) and (T93) respectively. Most species carry some notes concerning their status and abundance in Bahia, as well as places where they are most likely to be found. Observations are added for all species recorded during our trip.

RHEAS RHEIDAE
Greater Rhea Rhea americana
RDB: near-threatened. Scarce in northern Bahia (F93). There is a remnant population to the northeast of Serra da Capivara NP at São João do Piauí (Olmos, 1993). Also a surviving population near Curaçá. (M. Da-Ré, pers. comm.).

TINAMOUS TINAMIDAE
Solitary Tinamou Tinamus solitarius D5
RDB: near-threatened. Southern Bahia (Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro) and historical records for Boa Nova. Trip: Single Tinamus sp. heard, thought to be this species at Una (22 Oct), and Porto Seguro (23,24 Oct).

Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus
Recorded in surveys of forest remnants in the Serra Ouricana (Boa Nova area) by Gonzaga, Pacecho et al. (1995). Also heard at Boa Nova (Beadle et al., 1995).

Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui
Throughout Bahia. Trip: Tinamus sp. heard, thought to be this species at Boa Nova; 4+ (19,20 Oct), Porto Seguro; 1+ (23 Oct), and Monte Pascoal; 2 (25 Oct).

Yellow-legged Tinamou Crypturellus noctivagus
RDB: near-threatened. Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga and angical forest. Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus area. Moréu de Capeu. Trip: 3 flushed from secondary caatinga on the slope of the microwave tower, 22 km N of Senhor de Bonfim (10 Oct).

Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus
Southern Bahia and Salvador/Ilhéus. Historical records for Boa Nova, Una, and Porto Seguro. Trip: Monte Pascaol; at least 4 individuals heard and one seen very well on the main track just before the Visitor Centre (24,25 Oct).

Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris D7
Serra da Capivara: common in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga and angical forest. Boa Nova and northern Bahia. Trip: One heard in roadside scrub 1-2 km south of Senhor de Bonfim (9 Oct), Curaça; A single heard (11 Oct).

Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa D7
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga. Scarce at Boa Nova and in southern Bahia and northern Bahia. Two seen crossing road just east of Boa Nova (NJG). Monte Pascoal; heard (NJG), and reported by RSR & HS (JWW pers. comm.).

Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens
Boa Nova and northern Bahia. Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus area. Reported flying into the track to the wet forest at Boa Nova (NJG).

Spotted Nothura Nothura maculosa D8
Scarce in the Salvador/Ilhéus area. (F94): "Several Nothuras were encountered around Canudos. Some were identified by Davis (DF) as Spotted Nothura, others could have been either species."

White-bellied Nothura Nothura boraquira D8
Northern Bahia. Found by NJG at Cem Cinquenta (5 km east of Canudos), Jeremoabo, and a Fazenda near Canudos. (F94): "Two were seen at the roadside south of São Raimundo Nonato. Possibly this species was heard calling in caatinga at Boa Nova". Has been taped by J. Viellard at Juazeiro. Trip: Canudos; At least 4 heard and one seen flying across a track, in caatinga a few kilometres south of town (15 Oct).

GUANS CRACIDAE
Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata
The local form O. g. araucuan may be splittable as Brazilian Chachalaca O. araucuan. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 flushed from beside the main track at the wet forest (21 Oct).

Rusty-margined Guan Penelope superciliaris
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Along main trail at Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; Wing feathers found along dry forest trail (17 Oct), and several heard on the ridge trail in wet forest (19 Oct).

White-browed Guan Penelope jacucaca
RDB: near-threatened. RSR, JC et al. (JWW pers. comm.) saw this species on Morro do Chapéu. Serra da Capivara; uncommon in caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Trip; Curaça; Three birds feeding in large trees along water-course (12 Oct).

Black-fronted Piping-Guan Pipile jacutinga
RDB:129-136. Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus area and in southern Bahia. Found by HS & RSR at Monte Pascoal in 1977 (JWW pers. comm.), but may no longer occur there due to logging and heavy hunting pressure. Even rarer than Red-billed Curassow in Bahia.

Red-billed Curassow Crax blumenbachii
RDB:157-162. Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus area and in southern Bahia. Found by Sick at Monte Pascoal in 1977 and by Gonzaga et al. (1986) in October 1986. Known from the Una Reserve in the recent past (Gonzaga et al., 1986). Calls from mid-Sep to Oct.

NEW WORLD QUAILS ODONTOPHORIDAE
Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira
Monte Pascoal; Recorded by both MP and NJG (about 1 km down the trail marked "Acesso exclusivo aos funcionários"). Trip: Boa Nova; 3 flushed in dense bamboo along the ridge trail (17 Oct), and 2+ heard in dry forest (18 Oct).

WHISTLING DUCKS DENDROCYGNIDAE
White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata
Migrant to northern Bahia.

Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis
Trip; 6 flying along the roadside between Salvador and Santo Amaro (16 Oct).

GEESE ANATIDAE ANSERINI
Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata
Salvador/Ilhéus area.

Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos
(F93): 30 birds south of Juazeiro in July, 1994. Apparently breeds near Curaçá. More than 1,000 winter along the Rio São Francisco near Curaçá. (M. Da-Ré, pers. com.).

DUCKS ANATINI
Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis
Listed for northern Bahia and scarce in southern Bahia (F93). Trip: A pair of the small lake 40 km east of Boa Nova (21 Oct).

White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis
Migrant to northern Bahia.

Southern Pochard Netta erythrophthalma
Austral migrant to Bahia.

WOODPECKERS PICIDAE
Golden-spangled Piculet Picumnus exilis
Boa Nova. Trip: Una; Single birds 8 km south of town (22 Oct) and along the reserve access road (23 Oct).

Spotted Piculet Picumnus pygmaeus
Jequié Mountain. Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga. Boa Nova: "a good place is along forest trail where Rio de Janeiro Antbird occurs" (DWF, per JWW, pers. comm). Trip: Boa Nova; A single (18 Oct) along the main access track (see Boa Nova map above) in the dry forest.

White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus D118
Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Marked along "track A" at Monte Pascoal (MP). Porto Seguro.

Ochraceous Piculet Picumnus limae
Serra da Capivara: recorded in secondary caatinga.

Yellow-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes flavifrons
Southern Bahia. Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Porto Seguro; 3 (24 Oct).

Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus D116
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and in angical and semi-deciduous forest. Boa Nova and both northern and southern Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; 4 (20 Oct). Una; 2 (23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 2 (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 (25 Oct).

Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis
Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus. Historical records from Boa Nova.

Yellow-eared Woodpecker Veniliornis maculifrons
Scarce at Boa Nova. Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal.

Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula
Boa Nova and southern Bahia, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; one along old logging road (19 Oct). Una; 1 (22 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 (25 Oct). Note that the local race has a red throat!

Golden-green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochloros
Southern Bahia.

Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros D111
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and in angical and semi-deciduous forest. Northern Bahia and Salvador/Ilhéus. Trip: Salvador; One in scrub near hotel in town (7 Oct). Canudos; 1 (15 Oct). Boa Nova; 2 (18,20 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct).

Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris D111
Southern Bahia. Trip: Curaça; One group of 3 (13 Oct) en route to Canudos, about 40 km from Curaça.

Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens D113
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and in angical forest. Southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 2 (23 Oct) along reserve access road. Monte Pascoal; 1 (25 Oct).

Cream-colored Woodpecker Celeus flavus
Southern Bahia.

Ringed Woodpecker Celeus torquatus
Scarce in southern Bahia and Salvador/Ilhéus. Monte Pascoal. Also, Indian concessionaires at the Monte Pascoal car park were observed selling curios made from Ringed Woodpecker feathers (F94). Porto Seguro.

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus D110
Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive caatinga and in angical and semi-deciduous forest. Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 4+ (17-21 Oct). Porto Seguro; 1 (23 Oct).

Robust Woodpecker Campephilus robustus
Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro.

Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos D110
Serra da Capivara: rare in angical and semi-deciduous forest.

TOUCANS RAMPHASTIDAE
Black-necked Araçari Pteroglossus aracari
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Porto Seguro; 5+ (23,24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 3 (24 Oct).

Spot-billed Toucanet Selenidera maculirostris
Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal.

Saffron Toucanet Baillonius bailloni
Recorded from Boa Nova (TG).

Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus D106
Boa Nova, Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (19 Oct). Una; 2+ (22,23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 3 (23,24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 4 (25 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct).

JACAMARS GALBULIDAE
Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda D98
Serra da Capivara: rare in caatinga. Throughout Bahia. Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; A single at the reserve entrance (22,23 Oct).

PUFFBIRDS BUCCONIDAE
White-necked (Buff-bellied) Puffbird Notharchus macrorhynchus D100
The local form N. m. swainsoni may be distinct - Buff-bellied Puffbird N. swainsoni. Scarce in southern Bahia. Porto Seguro.

Spot-backed Puffbird Nystalus maculatus D101
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Northern Bahia, Boa Nova and Salvador/Ilhéus. Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 1 (15 Oct) at the start of the track to the river was suprisingly the only record.

Crescent-chested Puffbird Malacoptila striata D102
Southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova. Track "A" at Monte Pascoal (MP).

White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus D100
Southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova and Salvador/Ilhéus. Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 3+ (22 Oct) inside the forest at the reseve.

Swallow-wing Chelidoptera tenebrosa D103
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Historical records from Salvador/Ilhéus. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Porto Seguro; 10+ (23 Oct) mostly around large clearings.

TROGONS TROGONIDAE
White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis D95
Southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 3+ heard, 1 seen (22,23 Oct). Birds heard at Porto Seguro (23 Oct) and Monte Pascoal (24 Oct) presumed to be this species.

Collared Trogon Trogon collaris D94
Historical records only for Bahia.

Atlantic Black-throated Trogon Trogon chrysochloros D95
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; 5+ wet forest (17-20 Oct).

Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura
Historical records from southern Bahia. Recorded in surveys of forest remnants in the Serra Ouricana (Boa Nova area) by Gonzaga, Pacecho et al. (1995).

Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui D95
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Northern Bahia.

MOTMOTS MOMOTIDAE
Rufous-capped Motmot Baryphthengus ruficapillus
Southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova and northern Bahia. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro.

CERYLID KINGFISHERS CERYLIDAE
Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata
Serra da Capivara: rare. Also Una, Canudos and Boa Nova.

Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona
Serra da Capivara: recorded. Trip: Curaça; 1 (10 Oct).

Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana
Serra da Capivara: rare.

American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea
No information

NEW WORLD CUCKOOS COCCYZIDAE
Pearly-breasted Cuckoo Coccyzus julieni
Historical records for Boa Nova.

Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus D56
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga. Austral migrant to Bahia.

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Throughout Bahia. Trip: Jeremoabo; 1 (15 Oct). Boa Nova; 1 (18 Oct). Porto Seguro; 2 (24 Oct). Valença; 2 (26 Oct).

ANIS CROTOPHAGIDAE CROTOPHAGINI
Greater Ani Crotophaga major
Serra da Capivara: recorded in arboreal and secondary caatinga.

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani
Serra da Capivara: common in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga. Trip: Small numbers recorded almost daily, except from Curaça and Canudos where absent.

GUIRA CUCKOO GUIRINI
Guira Cuckoo Guira guira D54
Serra da Capivara: common in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga. Trip: Curaça; a total of 8 birds (10,13 Oct). Canudos; 8 (14,15 Oct). Bova Nova; 2 en route in dry habitat well east of to town (21 Oct).

GROUND-CUCKOOS NEOMORPHIDAE
Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga. Trip: Ones and twos heard in most areas.

Pheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga. Trip: Valença; At least 3 individuals of this somewhat elusive bird seen in forest edge (26 Oct), around the major dip along the track c.500 metres from the main road.

Pavonine Cuckoo Dromococcyx pavoninus
Accidental in Salvador/Ilhéus area.

Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo Neomorphus geoffroyi
Historical records from Boa Nova.

PARROTS PSITTACIDAE
Lear's Macaw Anodorhynchus leari S16
RDB:260-265. Canudos - 100 to 120 birds. Marco De-Ré informed us that a flock of perhaps 40 birds exists in the hills nearer Curaçá. At least 7 birds taken by bird trappers in 1994. Trip: Canudos; About 50 birds seen leaving from a roost site early morning (14 Oct). One or two subsequently seen feeding on corn crops on a private fazenda the same day. Getting to these birds was a major effort (see itinerary), though have to be considered one of the highlights of the trip.

Spix's Macaw Cyanopsitta spixii S16
RDB:266-281. Trip: Obviously the highlight of the trip. The single wild male was eventually seen feeding in tall trees c.20 km from Curaça, in an area known by Marco to be a regular feeding spot. Given the distance this bird can cover in any one day, and its less than regular feeding patterns, any would-be visitors should not expect to see this bird without a lot of luck or considerable effort. It is also unclear how future visiting arragements will be catered-for. Given the large amount of time Marco dedicated to helping us find the bird, this can not be expected to continue. Maybe other staff from the project will be able to help visitors.

Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloropterus S16
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga. "The park harbors a small resident population of about 20 individuals, mainly concentrated at Serra Branca, although pairs are occasionally seen in the southern part of the park." (Olmos, 1990).

Red-bellied Macaw Ara manilata
Western Bahia and Piauí.

Blue-winged Macaw Ara maracana D43
RDB: near-threatened. Curaçá. Morro do Chapéu. Serra da Capivara: rare in secondary caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Trip: Curaça; 4 (11,12 Oct). Canudos; 30+ at a roosting site (14 Oct). Boa Nova; 4 flew past east at the wet forest (18,19 Oct).

Blue-crowned Parakeet Aratinga acuticaudata D44, C10
Northern Bahia. Trip: Curaça; Fairly common with up to 50+ daily (11-13 Oct). Canudos; 60+ (14 Oct).

White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus D45, C10
Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal. Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga. Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 10+ Aratinga sp. flying over (8 Oct) presumed to be this species. Boa Nova; 6+ in the plantations near the wet forest (18 Oct).

Golden-capped Parakeet Aratinga auricapilla D45, S17
RDB:292-295. Nearly gone from Bahia, although it still can be found in Minas Gerais. Pair seen at Lençóis, presumably Chapada Diamantina NP, in February 1989 (JWW pers. comm.). Seen in the Santo Amaro area and at Monte Pascoal in the late 70's. Also seen recently at Morro do Chapéu (Beadle et al., 1995). Hotly pursued by bird trappers.

Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea S17
Boa Nova, Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Trip: Una; 20+ (23 Oct) along the reserve approach road. Valença; 10 (26 Oct).

Caatinga Parakeet Aratinga cactorum
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga and angical forest. Boa Nova and northern Bahia. Trip: Curaça; 30+ daily. Canudos; 10+ daily. Boa Nova; 10 (18 Oct).

Blue-throated (Ochre-marked) Parakeet Pyrrhura cruentata
RDB:334-337. RDB: "[Populations] currently exist in the small CEPLAC experimental stations either side of the Jequitinhonha at Canavieras (north side) and Barrolândia (south side - "Gregório Bondar" experimental station), where birds were seen in October, 1987 [by Gonzaga et al.]. "Barralândia is about 45 km east of BR101 about 53 km north of the turnoff to Porto Seguro. It was found to be common at Porto Seguro by Whitney in January, 1988. However, (T93) saw it at Monte Pascoal and failed to find it at Porto Seguro in August, 1993. (F94) reported 10 birds seen at Porto Seguro. Trip: Porto Seguro; c.28 birds in small groups (23-24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 10 (25 Oct).

Maroon-bellied (Reddish-bellied) Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis D46, S17
Boa Nova. The revolving common names of Eastern Brazilian Pyrrhura species are an excellent example of why all trip reports should include scientific names! Trip: Santo Amaro; 4 Pyrrhura sp. flying over (8 Oct) may have been this species. Boa Nova; 3 in the wet forest near top of ridge (19 Oct).

White-eared (Maroon-faced) Parakeet Pyrrhura leucotis S17
Southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova. Main trail at Porto Seguro. Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 10+ in the wet forest (19 Oct).

Cobalt-rumped Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius S17
Serra da Capivara: recorded in secondary caatinga. Throughout Bahia. Trip: Recorded in small numbers almost daily.

Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 6 (23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 1 (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 (25 Oct). Valença; 12 (26 Oct).

Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri
Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus area.

Brown-backed (Black-eared) Parrotlet Touit melanonotus
RDB:344-346. Historical records from southern Bahia.

Golden-tailed Parrotlet Touit surda S16
RDB:350-352. Found to be common with flocks of 10 or more along road to the southwest of Valença by DWF et al. in July 1994, and subsequently seen there (F94). DWF also had 8 birds at Porto Seguro and 2 at Sooretama. The only other recent sightings were by Gonzaga in October 1987, at the CEPLAC Lemos Maia Experimental Station (immediately north of the town of Una and 5 km south of Reserva Biologica de Una) and by RSR at Monte Pascoal in September 1977. Trip: Una; 6 along the access road to the reserve (23 Oct). Valença; 6 flying over (26 Oct).

Pileated (Red-capped) Parrot Pionopsitta pileata D52
RDB: near-threatened. Scarce at Boa Nova and in southern Bahia. Porto Seguro.

Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus D50, C11
Southern Bahia. Trip: Porto Seguro; 2 (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 (25 Oct).

Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani S17, D51
Scarce in southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova.

Red-browed Parrot Amazona rhodocorytha S17
RDB:407-409. Flock of 37 seen by NJG at Porto Seguro in June 1990. Also seen at Porto Seguro in October 1986 and January 1988, and at Monte Pascoal. (F94) reported good numbers at Porto Seguro. Trip: Porto Seguro; a group of 4 and another group of 2 near the warden's house (23,24 Oct).

Turquoise-fronted (Festive) Parrot Amazona aestiva D49
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga, angical and semi-deciduous forest. Scarce in northern and southern Bahia. Trip: Curaça; up to 6 daily (10-13 Oct). Canudos; 20+ (14 Oct).

Orange-winged Parrot Amazona amazonica D50, S17
Southern Bahia.

Mealy Amazon Amazona farinosa D49
Southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal.

Vinaceous Parrot Amazona vinacea
RDB:415-422. The only recent possible record from Bahia were captive specimens seen in July, 1990 in Lençóis, which were said to have been taken from a local population, presumably in Chapada Diamantina NP.

Blue-bellied Parrot Triclaria malachitacea S44
RBD:440-444. Recorded in the southernmost part of Bahia by Wied (1831-1833).

SWIFTS APODIDAE
Sooty Swift Cypseloides fumigatus
Scarce in southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal (RSR & HS).

White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris
Serra da Capivara: common. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro.

Biscutate Swift Streptoprocne biscutata
Serra da Capivara: common. Austral migrant.

Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris
Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; up to 20 near the waterfall 18 km east of town (8 Oct). Boa Nova; A few daily (18-21 Oct). Comon at Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal.

Ashy-tailed Swift Chaetura andrei
Southern Bahia. Trip: At least 20 birds feeding above Salvador town (7 Oct).

Fork-tailed Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata
Serra da Capivara: recorded. Northern Bahia. Scarce at Boa Nova.

Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis
Scarce in northern and southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro.

HERMITS TROCHILIDAE PHAETHORNITHINAE
Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsuta D68, H13
Southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova. Monte Pascoal. Trip: Santo Amaro; 1 (7 Oct).

Long-tailed Hermit Phaethornis superciliosus
Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus and accidental in southern Bahia.

Scale-throated Hermit Phaethronis eurynome D66
Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; a single bird (19 Oct) in edge of secondary growth along the main track to the wet forest.

Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei D67
Throughout Bahia. Monte Pascoal. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; Singles around the summit (8,9 Oct). Boa Nova; 1 (19 Oct).

Cinnamon-throated Hermit Phaethornis nattereri
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. P. maranhaoensis has been considered to be the mature male of P. nattereri. Both nattereri and maranhaoensis-like individuals have been observed ... in the park and using the same flowers (Olmos) (Sick, 1993).

Maranhao Hermit Phaethornis maranhaoensis
See above.

Broad-tipped Hermit Phaethornis gounellei
Morro do Chapéu. Serra da Capivara: uncommon in caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Boa Nova and northern Bahia. Trip: Canudos; At least 2 (15 Oct) along the trail south of town. This is predominently a caatinga species.

Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber D68
Boa Nova, Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Trip: Single along the ridge trail (19,20 Oct). Una; 4+ (22 Oct) inside forest of the reserve.

TYPICAL HUMMINGBIRDS TROCHILINAE
Hook-billed Hermit Ramphodon dohrnii
RBD:470-472. Critically endangered. The most recent records in Bahia were from Porto Seguro in 1987-1989, but DW failed to find it there during six days in 1991. Since 1989, the Porto Seguro reserve has been degraded by road building, squatters and fire. RDB: "Birds in Porto Seguro were observed in the interior of closed-canopy forest, and mainly found in damp areas along streambeds, particularly in areas with abundant Heliconia plants, but also visiting a row of ornamental flowering trees near the forest." Trip: Boa Nova; 2 seen on two occasions (19,20 Oct) in forest understorey (old secondary forest about half-way along old logging road within primary forest). Altitude c.850 m. On the second occasion one bird was studied at length, in good view at minimum focus. Birds always perched about 2 metres from floor. Obviously a Hermit sp., but with an almost straight bill (bill shape and size like that of female Saw-billed Hermit as photographed in Dunning (1987). Size of bird, not small - possibly approaching Rufous-breasted Hermit in size. Below cinammon, especially on throat, fading slowly to buffy on belly. Throat completely unmarked. Rump and tail concolourous, dull chocolate brown. Tail rounded, without streamers. Small off-white tips to some (all?) of undertail feathers, visible when perched, but not evident in flight. Rest of upperparts greenish. Post-ocular area almost black, bordered above and below by quite obvious off-white streaks (lower one less obvious, almost absent in the second bird). Bill colour appeared uniform black, but inside of lower mandible yellow.

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura D83, S20
Serra da Capivara: recorded in arboreal-arbustive caatinga. Common throughout Bahia. Trip: Small numbers recorded on most days, though not seen in the wetter areas of Porto Seguro, Monte Pascoal, Santo Amaro nor at Morro de Chapéu.

Black Jacobin Melanotrochilus fuscus
Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Boa Nova, Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 6-8 birds along the main track to the wet-forest track (18,20 Oct). Una; 3 (22 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct).

White-vented Violetear Colibri serrirostris S21
Serra da Capivara: recorded in arboreal-arbustive caatinga. Northern Bahia. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; A single bird (8 Oct) in scrub near the waterfall, 18 km east of town.

Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis D71, H13, S21
Migrant to Bahia. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 1 (23 Oct). Valença; 2 (26 Oct).

Ruby-topaz Hummingbird Chrysolampis mosquitus D79, H14, S21
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga and in angical and semi-deciduous forest. Migrant to northern Bahia. Trip; Boa Nova; A single bird seen on the consecutive days along the main track to the wet forest (18-20 Oct).

Frilled Coquette Lophornis magnificus S20
Migrant to Boa Nova. Trip: Una; Pair feeding around a Inga, about 200 metres before the reserve entrance (22 Oct). Not present the following day.

Black-bellied Thorntail Popelairia langsdorffi H14
Scarce in southern Bahia.

Racket-tailed Coquette Discosura longicauda
Scarce in southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal.

Blue-chinned Sapphire Chlorestes notatus D74
Scarce in southern Bahia. Trip: Valença; 2+ (26 Oct).

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris D93, S21
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga and in angical forest. Northern Bahia, Salvador/Ilhéus and Boa Nova. Trip: Small numbers recorded from Senhor de Bonfim, Curaça, Canudos, Boa Nova, Una and Valença.

Long-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania watertonii
DWF: inside forest at Santo Amaro and Boa Nova. Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 3 (22 Oct) inside forest of the reserve. In the poor light of the forest interior, the greener cap is not readily seen - the much longer tail (30%?) is a much better field mark. Beware also that Violet-capped occurs within forest interior.

Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis D71, S20
Boa Nova, Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Una and Porto Seguro. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 2 (8 Oct). Boa Nova; 2 (18,21 Oct). Una; 2 (22 Oct).

Rufous-throated Sapphire Hylocharis sapphirina D73, H14
Migrant to southern Bahia. Porto Seguro.

White-chinned Sapphire Chlorestes cyanus D73, H14, S21
Migrant to southern Bahia and Salvador/Ilhéus. Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal.

Versicolored Emerald Amazilia versicolor D75, H14
Southern Bahia. Historical records for Salvador/Ilhéus. Monte Pascoal. Trip; Monte Pascoal; 1 (25 Oct) feeding at flowers around the Visitor Centre was the only definite observation. Another Amazilia sp. possibly this or Plain-bellied Emerald, seen in the garden of the pousada south of Una, may also have been this species - the following description was taken. Adult (male?) Hummingbird. Medium size. Bill fine, straight, all black, 1.25-1.5x head length. Above shining metallic green. Tail steel blue, slightly forked. Most obvious features were the bright white throat fading on breast and belly to dull green with white speckling below (this being uniform across breast and belly with no white line down centre of belly as might be expected on Versicoloured.

Glittering-throated Emerald Chionomesa fimbriata D75, H14, S21
Northern Bahia. Historical records for Boa Nova. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 2 (14 Oct) in scrub around the microwave tower 22 km north of town.

Sapphire-spangled Emerald Chionomesa lactea
Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; A single 1 (17 Oct) in the dry forest.

Plain-bellied Emerald Chrysuronia leucogaster
Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Trip: One en route (23 Oct).

Sombre Hummingbird Eupetomena cirrochloris D74, S21
Migrant to Boa Nova and Salvador/Ilhéus. Trip: Boa Nova; 1+ (18,19 Oct) feeding around an Inga. Una; 2 (23 Oct). Somewhat suprisingly these hummingbirds were easy to identify, as they look exactly like the photograph in Dunning (1987). Look for the small white post-ocular spot.

Brazilian Ruby Clytolaema rubricauda
Recorded in surveys of forest remnants in the Serra Ouricana (Boa Nova area) by Gonzaga, Pacecho et al. (1995).

Hooded Visorbearer Augastes lumachellus
RDB: near-threatened. Morro do Chapéu. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 2+ (8,9 Oct) near the summit of the hill.

Black-eared Fairy Heliothyrx aurita D78, H13, S20
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Porto Seguro.

Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris D70, H13
Migrant to northern Bahia and Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (21 Oct).

Stripe-breasted Starthroat Heliomaster squamosus S21
Between Canudos and Jeremoabo (Field Guides itinerary). Accidental in Boa Nova. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 1 (10 Oct) at the microwave tower 22 km north of town, and another same day in caatinga 41 km north. Canudos; 1 (15 Oct) in caatinga 2 km south of town.

Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina S20
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Migrant to Boa Nova.

BARN OWLS TYTONIDAE
Barn Owl Tyto alba
Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 1 (9 Oct).

TYPICAL OWLS STRIGIDAE
Tropical Screech-Owl Otus choliba
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Throughout Bahia. Trip: Curaça; A total of 2 seen and 6+ heard (12,13 Oct) chiefly among taller trees along dried river-courses.

Variable Screech-Owl Otus atricapillus
Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Porto Seguro; 2 heard just past the warden's house (23 Oct). Would not respond to tape playback.

Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus
Serra da Capivara: recorded in semi-deciduous forest.

Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata
Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova. Porto Seguro.

Tawny-browed Owl Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana
Southern Bahia. Trip: Porto Seguro; A pair dueting and in flight across the track, just past the warden's house (23 Oct).

Least Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium minutissimum
Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus. Southern Bahia. Song is two to three toots - almost exactly as in México. Una, Porto Seguro. Trip: Porto Seguro; 2 heard during the day (23,24 Oct).

Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and in angical forest. Throughout Bahia. Trip: Curaça; 6+ (10-13 Oct), Santo Amaro; 1 seen (16 Oct).

Burrowing Owl Speotyto cunicularia
Northern and southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova. Trip: Curaça; 3 (10,11 Oct). Canudos; at least 5 en route between there and Jeremoabo (15 Oct).

Buff-fronted Owl Aegolius harrisii H-IX
RDB: near-threatened. Reported nesting in 1985 near Camaçari, 30 km north of Salvador by Studer and Teixeira (1994). "However, this area has been colonized with a few hundred poor people who pass their day burning the last trees and hunting. . . . During the last two years, we had an observer the whole year round, and he never again saw or heard the A. harrissii." (A. Studer, pers. comm., 1994). Sings commonly along Vieho Dulce Road, Argentina in August/September (RS per RSR). Anyone who can whistle the song of Eastern Screech-Owl can whistle the song of Buff-fronted Owl, which is quite similar, but at a slightly higher pitch. Trip: One of the biggest suprises of the trip, was the response of an individual during daylight hours (08h00, 21 Oct) to a whistled imitation of its voice being used to attract a feeding flock. The bird was calling from tall trees in secondary growth (see Boa Nova map) c.600 metres from the main track. Despite the fairly open but steep terrain, the bird did not move and took almost an hour to locate. It was perched about 15 metres up on a thick cross branch near the trunk. Tape recorded. Evidently this bird is not as rare as it appears (at least in Bahia where there is only the two previous records), as at a roadside stop near Una an imitation of its whistle immediately bought an agressive action from hummingbirds in the area.

POTOOS NYCTIBIIDAE
Large-tailed (Long-tailed) Potoo Nyctibius aethereus
Historical records from southern Bahia. Definitely occurs at Nova Lombardia, E.S.

Grey Potoo Nyctibius griseus
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Trip: A single heard near Canudos, early morning (14 Oct).

White-winged Potoo Nyctibius leucopterus
Known from eastern Brazil from one 19th Century specimen taken near Vitória da Conquista in southern Bahia (RDB p681). Habitat said to be humid forest at 900 metres (Sibley & Monroe, 1990). Should be looked for in dry and humid forest near Boa Nova. May be specifically distinct from the Amazonian bird. Might the Eastern Brazil form be more closely related to the Andean Potoo, N. maculosus? Consider, for example, the distribution of Buff-fronted Owl - Andes and eastern Brazil/Argentina.

NIGHTHAWKS CAPRIMULGIDAE CHORDEILINAE
Chestnut-bellied Nighthawk Lurocalis nattereri H-X (in part).
Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Trip: Porto Seguro; Two over the forest near the warden's house, early evening (23 Oct).

Least Nighthawk Chordeiles pusillus H-X
Serra da Capivara: common in arboreal-arbustive caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Northern Bahia. Trip: Curaça; A total of four birds (11-13 Oct). Easilly seen flying over the main road just south of town early morning and evening. Canudos; 2 (14 Oct).

Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis
Uncommon in Bahia.

Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor
Migrant from North America. Trip: Curaça; Up to 10 nightly (11-13 Oct).

Nacunda Nighthawk Podager nacunda D61, H-X
Serra da Capivara: common in semi-deciduous forest.

NIGHTJARS CAPRIMULGINAE
Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis D61
Serra da Capivara: recorded in secondary caatinga. Trip: Heard at Santo Amaro, Curaça, Boa Nova and Porto Seguro.

Ocellated Poorwill Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
Scarce in southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova, but seen there in Feb 95 (Beadle et al., 1995). Heard calling in forest at Sooretama, E.S. by DWF. Monte Pascoal (RSR & HS).

Rufous Nightjar Caprimulgus rufus H-XI
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive caatinga. Scarce in northern Bahia.

Band-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus longirostris D60, H-XI
Migrant to northern Bahia. DWF saw it on Morro do Chapéu in July.

Little Nightjar Caprimulgus parvulus D60, H-XI
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga. Migrant to northern Bahia.

Pygmy Nightjar Caprimulgus hirundinaceus
RDB: near-threatened. Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. "It was observed foraging in open, disturbed areas." (Olmos). (F94): "Two birds were seen and heard at Curaçá, where the wardens seemed to think they were fairly common. Our birds were using a stoney field next to an occupied, thought remote, house. Nearby was a variety of habitat ranging from scattered bushes to gallery forest, but the majority of the area was open and very dry." Trip: A single flushed at night from beside a track c.10 km from town (11 Oct).
Scissor-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis brasiliana
Morro do Chapéu. Jequié Mountain. Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga. Scarce at Boa Nova. Trip: Curaça; 2 (11 Oct). Canudos; 2 (14 Oct). Boa Nova; 3+ (19,20 Oct). Most easilly seen c.300 metres from the road along the main track to the wet forest at Boa Nova, where several birds were sitting and displaying on the track and fence-posts.

PIGEONS COLUMBIDAE
Feral Pigeon Columba livia
Trip: Small numbers in larger towns throughout.

Scaled Pigeon Columba speciosa H8
Southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro.

Picazuro Pigeon Columba picazuro
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga and angical forest. Northern Bahia. Trip: Curaça; common, with up to 50+ daily (10-13 Oct). A few large Columba sp. at Una presumed to be this species.

Pale-vented Pigeon Columba cayennensis H8
Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal.

Plumbeous Pigeon Columba plumbea H9
Boa Nova. Trip: A few heard at Santo Amaro, Boa Nova, and Porto Seguro.

Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata H8
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga and angical forest. Northern Bahia. Trip: Curaça; Abundant with 1000s flying over daily to/from roosting sites.

Scaled Dove Columbina squammata D40, H8
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga and angical forest. Northern and southern Bahia. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 2 (8 Oct). Curaça; 20+ daily (11-13 Oct). Canudos; 15+ (14,15 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 (25 Oct).

Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerina D42, H8
Scarce in northern Bahia. Trip: Only definitely recorded from Senhor de Bonfim, with 4 (10 Oct).

Plain-breasted Ground-Dove Columbina minuta D42, H8
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga and angical forest. Northern and southern Bahia and Boa Nova. Trip: Curaça; 1 (12 Oct). Canudos; 2 (14 Oct).

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti D41, H8
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga and angical forest. Throughout Bahia. Trip: Small numbers recorded from Santo Amaro, Canudos, Boa Nova and Porto Seguro.

Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui D42
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga and angical forest. Northern Bahia, Salvador/Ilhéus and Boa Nova. Trip: Recorded from Senhor de Bonfim, Curaça (max. 50+ daily), Canudos, and Boa Nova.

Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa D41, C8
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga, angical forest and semi-deciduous forest. Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Heard at Senhor de Bonfim, Boa Nova and Porto Seguro. Two en route near Canudos (14 Oct).

Purple-winged Ground-Dove Paraclaravis geoffroyi
RDB:224-227. Historic records from southern Bahia. A bamboo specialist. No known recordings.

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi D40, H8
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga, angical forest and semi-deciduous forest. Northern and southern Bahia. Historic records from Boa Nova and Salvador/Ilhéus. Trip: A few heard in the Canudos area (14,15 Oct), Una (22,23 Oct), Porto Seguro (24 Oct), and Valença (26 Oct).

Grey-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla D40, H8
Boa Nova, Salvador/Ilhéus and southern Bahia. Scarce in northern Bahia. Trip: Santo Amaro; 2 heard (8 Oct). Curaça; 2 heard (13 Oct). Boa Nova; 4 heard (18 Oct).

Violaceous Quail-Dove Geotrygon violacea H8
Historical records from Boa Nova.

Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana D39, C8
Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct) in the wet forest, apparently the first record for the area.

LIMPKIN, FINFOOTS HELIORNITHIDAE
Limpkin Aramus guarauna
No information.

Sungrebe Heliornis fulica
Historical records from Salvador.

SERIEMAS CARIAMIDAE
Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata D4
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive caatinga, angical forest and semi-deciduous forest. Raso da Catarina (60 km east of Canudos). Trip: Curaça; 4 seen and several heard (11-13 Oct). Canudos; 1 heard (14 Oct).

RAILS RALLIDAE
Ocellated Crake Micropygia schomburgkii
No information.

Russet-crowned Crake Rufirallus viridis H7
(F93) indicates it to be scarce in southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal.

Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius H7
Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal. Trip: Evidently widespread and fairly common (by voice). Heard at São Francisco do Conde, Boa Nova (several occasions), and Una (marsh near pousada).

Clapper Rail Rallus longirostris
(F93) lists it for Salvador/Ilhéus.

Little Wood-Rail Aramides mangle S44
(F94): 5 birds were seen walking out from under the mangrove trees at low tide on the banks of the Rio Traripe. Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 2 heard at the river mouth (8 Oct) around 11h00, and 3 seen about 1 km from the river mouth 16h30 (15 Oct).

Grey-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea H7
No information.

Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas concolor H7
DWF reports that birds answered tape playback throughout the forest reserves in Espírito Santo. (F93) lists it as scarce there as well as in southern Bahia. Found by Gonzaga et al. (1986) at Monte Pascoal.

Ash-throated Crake Mustelirallus albicollis H7
Boa Nova marsh near wet forest. Porto Seguro. One flushed from overgrown field near abandoned ranger station at Monte Pascoal by NJG. Trip: Heard at São Francisco do Conde (8 Oct), and Una (22 Oct).

Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans H7
Boa Nova marsh at side of dirt track to wet forest. Also Monte Pascoal.

Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica
Trip: 2 en route to Morro de Chapéu (8 Oct).

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
Trip: Small numbers recorded from Morro de Chapéu, Senhor de Bonfim, Canudos and Boa Nova.

SNIPES SCOLOPACIDAE SCOLOPACINAE
Pantanal Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae
Boa Nova.

SANDPIPERS TRINGINAE
Hudsonian Whimbrel Numenius hudsonicus
Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 6 (8 Oct), 4 (15 Oct).

Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca

Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes
Trip: Canudos; 3 feeding on reservoir edge (14 Oct).

Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria
Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 2 (8 Oct).

Spotted Sandpiper Tringa macularia
Trip: Small numbers at São Francisco do Conde, Curaça, Canudos and Porto Seguro.

Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 20+ (8 Oct), 2 (15 Oct).

Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus

Red Knot Calidris canutus

Sanderling Calidris alba

Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla

Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla

White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis

Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres

JACANAS JACANIDAE
Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana
Trip: A few on roadside pools and marshes en route on several occasions.

STILTS RECURVIROSTRINI
White-backed Stilt Himantopus melanurus
Trip: 2 birds around the reservoir at Canudos (14 Oct), and 2 on small pond east of Boa Nova (21 Oct).

PLOVERS CHARADRIINAE
Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola

Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus

Collared Plover Anarhynchus collaris

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis
Trip: Generally small numbers recorded from Morro de Chapéu, Senhor de Bonfim, Canudos (max. 65) and Boa Nova.

TERNS LARIDAE STERNINI
Cayene Tern Sterna (sandvicensis) eurygnatha
Mentioned by da Silva and Nacinovic (1991).

Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis
Trip: Max. 50+ in the bay at Salvador (7 Oct).

Common Tern Sterna hirundo
Trip: Small numbers of S. hirundinacea/hirundo in the bay at Salvador (7 Oct).

South American Tern Sterna hirundinacea

Yellow-billed Tern Sterna superciliaris
Trip: São Francisco do Conde; A single at the river mouth (8 Oct).

OSPREY ACCIPITRIDAE PANDIONINAE
Osprey Pandion haliaetus

HAWKS ACCIPITRINAE
Grey-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
Monte Pascoal.

Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus
Monte Pascoal.

American Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus
Porto Seguro.

Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii

White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus
Trip: A single en route (15 Oct), and another Valença (26 Oct).

Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus
Trip: Oddly plumaged birds believed to be this species (basis of elimination) at Porto Seguro; 1 (23 Oct), and Monte Pascoal; 1 (26 Oct).

Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea
Known from Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Porto Seguro; A total of 5 birds (23-24 Oct).

Rufous-thighed Hawk Accipiter erythronemius
Historical records for northern Bahia. This form is often considered a race of Sharp-shinned Hawk A. striatus.

Bicolored Hawk Accipiter bicolor
Known from Monte Pascoal. Trip: Curaça; At least 4 individuals seen on several occasions (11-13 Oct).

Grey-bellied Hawk Accipiter poliogaster
RDB: near-threatened. Trip: Monte Pascoal; A pair observed flying over forest (24-25 Oct). One was seen carrying a bird. A large Accipiter reminiscent of American Goshawk. This appears to be the first Bahia record.

Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens
Trip: Curaça; 2 singles (11-12 Oct). Boa Nova; 1 in the dry forest (17 Oct).

White-necked Hawk Leucopternis lacernulata S7
RDB:91-93. Monte Pascoal - summit. Four birds were collected at Ilhéus in 1944. The white neck is not a field mark(!), as this feature is shared with Mantled Hawk. Watch for tail pattern. Trip: Monte Pascoal; A pair soaring (24-25 Oct).

Mantled Hawk Leucopternis polionota
RDB: near-threatened. Trip: Boa Nova; A single above the Pig Farm (18 Oct), and another perched in trees over the planations (19 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1 soaring (24 Oct).

Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga

Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis

Harris' Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus

Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus
Trip: One 30 km east of Canudos (14 Oct).

Crowned Eagle Harphyaliaetus coronatus
RDB:102-107. Observed in 1990 by F.B. Pontual along the Riacho da Melância (Spix's Macaw area).

Grey-lined Hawk Asturina nitida
Porto Seguro, Una.

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris
Common. Trip: Recorded almost daily in all areas. Max. 10+ Santo Amaro (16 Oct).

Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus

White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus

Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus
Despite few records for Brazil, (F94) reported three, including birds at Santo Amaro and at Jacaré. No doubt overlooked by birders due to its mimicry of Turkey Vulture.

Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja
RDB: near-threatened. Recently has been regularly seen over canopy at Monte Pascoal (T93).

Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizastur melanoleucus
RDB: near-threatened. Monte Pascoal. (T93) reports one perching on a dead branch from the Visitors' Centre for 30 minutes in the late afternoon. Trip; Monte Pascoal; A single bird seen soaring over the forest (25 Oct).

Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus
Monte Pascoal.

Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus
Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro.

FALCONS FALCONIDAE
Crested Caracara Polyborus plancus
Trip: Common. Seen almost daily.

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima
Trip: Small numbers recorded from Santo Amaro, Senhor de Bonfim, Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal.

Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans
Trip: Curaça; 1 (12,13 Oct). Canudos; 1 (14 Oct). Una; 1 (23 Oct).

Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive, arboreal caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Trip: Single birds heard, possibly this species, at Santo Amaro (7 Oct) and Boa Nova (18 Oct).

Lined Forest-Falcon Micrastur gilvicollis
Historical records for coastal Bahia.

Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus
Scarce in southern Bahia.

American Kestrel Falco sparverius
Trip: Recorded in small numbers from scattered localities.

Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis
Trip: Singles at Morro de Chapéu (8 Oct), and Canudos (14 Oct).

Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis
Trip: A single bird over the waterfall 18 km east of Morro de Chapéu (9 Oct).

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus

GREBES PODICIPEDIDAE
Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus
Trip: Boa Nova; A single bird observed on the pool at the start of the wet forest trail on four occasions (18-21 Oct).

Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps
Trip: Canudos; 6 birds on the reservoir (14 Oct).

DARTERS ANHINGIDAE
Anhinga Anhinga anhinga
Porto Seguro.

CORMORANTS PHALACROCORACIDAE
Neotropical Cormorant Nannopterum brasilianum

HERONS ARDEIDAE
Little Blue Heron Egretta caerula
Trip: Common on the mud-flats at São Francisco do Conde with max. 50+ (8 Oct).

Snowy Egret Egretta thula
Trip: Common on the mud-flats at São Francisco do Conde with max. 20+ (8 Oct).

Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus
Monte Pascoal (RSR & HS).

Western Great Egret Casmerodius albus
Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 4 (8 Oct). Also recorded en route near Canudos; 2 (15 Oct), and Boa Nova; 2 (21 Oct).

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Trip: Recored on two occasions near Santo Amaro, with 500+ (16 Oct).

Striated Heron Butorides striatus
Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 3 (8 Oct), 1 (15 Oct). Curaça; 1 (10 Oct).

Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
Trip: A pair on the small lake 40 km east of Boa Nova (21 Oct).

Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea

Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum

Fasciated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma fasciatum
No information.

Stripe-backed Bittern Ixobrychus involucris

Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis

AMERICAN VULTURES CICONIIDAE CATHARTINAE
Black Vulture Coragyps atratus
Trip: Abundant. Recorded daily, mostly in large numbers.

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura
Trip: Common. Recorded almost daily, though largely absent from Boa Nova (only 10 birds (20 Oct), and not recorded at Una or Porto Seguro.

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus
Trip: Small numbers in widely scattered localities. Recorded from Morro de Chapéu, Senhor de Bonfim, Canudos, and Monte Pascoal. Max. 10+ Morro de Chapéu (8 Oct).

King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa
Trip: Up to 5 at Monte Pascoal (24-25 Oct).

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS TYRANNIDAE PIPROMORPHINAE
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus p505 Plate 34
Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 1 (22 Oct).

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus p501 Plate 34
Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal and secondary caatinga. Boa Nova - observed in mixed flocks (T93). Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (20 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 (24 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct).

Drab-breasted Bamboo-Tyrant Hemitriccus diops p525 Plate 35
Boa Nova - wet forest. Trip: Boa Nova; Common in wet forest (17-21 Oct), where it is probably the most abundant species.

Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus striaticollis p515 Plate 35
Riparian growth of shrubbery and low trees. On the Field Guides itinerary it is listed for the mangroves near São Francisco do Conde.

Hangnest Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus nidipendulus p524 Plate 35
RDB: near-threatened. Boa Nova in dry forest. (T93) "Birds fed in the small upper branches of shrubs, often feeding busily in the outermost twigs." Trip: Boa Nova; 5+ (18 Oct) in dry forest.

Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer p514 Plate 35
Serra da Capivara: fairly common throughout. Canudos, Boa Nova. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 2 (8 Oct). Senhor de Bonfim; 2 (10 Oct). Canudos; 8+ (14,15 Oct). Boa Nova; 7+ (17,18 Oct). Birds at Boa Nova were in dry forest, all others in caatinga.

Buff-breasted Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus mirandae p521 Plate 35
RDB:774-775. Previously known only from Ceará, Pernambuco and Alagoas. The closely related Kaempfer's Tody-Tyrant, H. kaempferi is known only from Santa Catarina and also is listed in the Red Data Book at pages 776-777. (See Fitzpatrick and O'Neill, 1979). Trip: Una; We observed a single bird (22 Oct) within the mirandae superspecies 7.9 km south of the town of Una that closely resembled the plate of mirandae in Ridgely and Tudor.

Fork-tailed Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus furcatus p523 Plate 35
RDB:772-773. Discovered at Boa Nova by Frank Lambert in 1993. Occurs primarily in bamboo thickets in forest undergrowth, where it is easily overlooked, as it is tiny and inconspicuous. (T93) reported it at the beginning of the trail into humid forest at Boa Nova (by the road?). Individuals were seen to move in the same foraging flock with Rio de Janeiro Antbird and Spot-breasted Antvireo. DWF reports that it makes lots of noise. (F94) lists it in dense tangles of vines.

Smoky-fronted Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum fumifrons p530 Plate 36
Coastal northeast Bahia (historical records only).

Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum p533 Not ill.
Boa Nova - wet forest. Trip: Boa Nova; 4 (18,19,21 Oct), all in secondary forest edge, scrub in planations etc. Usually seen in the lower levels of taller trees 2-5 metres above ground.

Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum p532 Plate 36
Boa Nova, Canudos and Monte Pascoal. Serra da Capivara: fairly common throughout. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 2 (10 Oct). Curaça; 8+ (10-13 Oct). Una; 1 (22 Oct). Porto Seguro; 1 (23 Oct).

Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum plumbeiceps p529 Plate 36
Listed by (F93) for Boa Nova. Dense shrubbery and bamboo thickets. Trip: Boa Nova; 4 (17,18 Oct).

Southern Antpipit Corythopis delalandi p541 Not ill.
Perhaps in southern Bahia (RSR, pers. comm.).

TYRANNULETS TYRANNINAE
Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias fasciatus p458 Plate 32
Serra da Capivara: rare in caatinga. Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; Several "difficult-to-identify" flycatchers were thought to be this species (18,19 Oct).

Rough-legged Tyrannulet P. burmeisteri p459 Not ill.
Scarce at Boa Nova (F93). Find it by voice in canopy and borders of humid forest. DWF: heard dawn song at Nova Lombardia, E.S.; common in southeast Brazil.

Grey-capped Tyrannulet P. griseocapilla p457 Plate 32.
Recorded in surveys of forest remnants in the Serra Ouricana (Boa Nova area) by Gonzaga, Pacecho et al. (1995).

White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme p450 Plate 32
(F93) lists it as scarce in Salvador area and in southern Bahia. Find it by voice. (F94): one at Porto Seguro.

Southern Beardless Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum p448 Plate 32
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga. Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Trip: Moro de Chapéu; 6 (8,9 Oct). Curaça; 2 (10 Oct). Una; 3 (23 Oct).

Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina p446 Plate 32
Boa Nova and northern Bahia. Trip: Santo Amaro; 1 (7 Oct). Boa Nova; common in dry forest (17,18 Oct).

Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola p488 Plate 34
Boa Nova - wet forest. Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal.

Southern Scrub Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus p442 Not ill.
Caatinga on outskirts of Jeremoabo. Scarce at Boa Nova. Trip: Curaça; 5+ (10,11 Oct).

Campo Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri affinis p427 Not ill.
Scarce at Boa Nova and in northern Bahia. Trip: Curaça; 6+ (12,13 Oct). Canudos; 8 (14,15 Oct).

Chaco Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri p427 Plate 31
Forms a superspecies with the above. If two species are recognized, as in Sibley & Monroe (1990), this is the more southerly form. It also occurs in northern Bahia (M. Da-Ré, pers. comm.) (as an austral migrant?), where it then appears to be sympatric with Campo Suiriri Flycatcher.

Grey-headed Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps p444 Plate 31
Historical records for Salvador.

Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii p443 Plate 31
(F93) lists it for Salvador and southern Bahia. Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro.

Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata p445 Not ill.
Serra da Capivara: common throughout. Trip: Santo Amaro; 4 birds (7,8 Oct) thought to be this species. Morro de Chapéu; 2 (8 Oct).

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster p429 Plate 31
Serra da Capivara: vagrant in arboreal-arbustive caatinga. Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Santo Amaro; 2 (7 Oct). Una; 2 (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1 individual thought to be this species (24 Oct).

Large Elaenia Elaenia spectabilis p430 Not ill.
Austral migrant to Boa Nova. 2 October 1988 (RSR).

White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps p435 Plate 31
Austral migrant. Historical records in northern Bahia.

Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca p437 Not ill.
Austral migrant to southern Bahia.

Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata p433 Plate 31
Scarce in northern Bahia.

Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis p434 Not ill.
Migrant not recorded with certainty in Bahia.

Highland Elaenia Elaenia obscura p431 Plate 31
Lençois (Pachero and Whitney, 1995). MP saw one on trail to summit at Monte Pascoal.

White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata p472 Plate 33
Serra da Capivara: vagrant in semi-deciduous forest. Boa Nova - wet forest. Trip: Boa Nova; 2+ birds (18,21 Oct) positively identified (white crest seen). Other small green flycatchers probably also this species.

Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant Stigmatura napensis p469 Not ill.
Canudos. Northern Bahia. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; Pair (10 Oct). Canudos; 3 (14,15 Oct) on short track down to the reservoir. Non of these individuals were as yellow as Ridgely and Tudor suggest. Birds at Senhor de Bonfim had no yellow wash on them at all, and more resemble the illustration of Greater Wagtail-Tyrant in Dunning (1987). Individuals of this isolated north-eastern Brazil form, are brownish above, with the undertail all white. The most striking feature, easilly distinguishing them from Greater Wagtail-Tyrant, is that they remain largely on, or very close to, the ground in low caatinga vegetation.

Greater Wagtail-Tyrant Stigmatura budytoides p469 Plate 33
(F94): more than 8 birds at Curaçá. Trip: Curaça; 6+ (10,13 Oct), with 4 of these in taller scrub on the north side of the bridge over the watercourse along the main road 13 km south of Curara. Again, these individuals were not as yellow as the illustration in Ridgely and Tudor. The upperparts are olive grey, the underparts suffused pale yellow. The undertail has a broad white median band and a large, broad, white tip. This species was not seen on the ground and kept 2-4 metres from it in open scrub behaving somewhat like a Tropical Gnatcatcher.

Grey-backed Tachuri Polystictus superciliaris p476 Plate 33
RDB: near-threatened. Morro do Chapéu.

Crested Doradito Pseudocolopteryx sclateri p481 Plate 33
Very local in marshes in southern Bahia.

Fulvous-crowned Scrub Tyrant Euscarthmus meloryphus p478 Plate 33
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga. Boa Nova, Porto Seguro. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 2 (10 Oct) low down in dense caatinga around the microwave tower 22 km north of town. Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct) in bushes in the dry forest area.

Rufous-sided Scrub Tyrant Euscarthmus rufomarginatus p479 Not ill.
RDB:758-760. Rare in cerrado with scattered trees and bushes. One old specimen from south-western Piauí.

Bay-ringed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes sylviolus p495 Plate 34
One seen at Monte Pascoal (Beadle et al., 1995) appears to be the only Bahia record.

Oustalet's Tyrannulet Phylloscartes oustaleti p496 Plate 34
RDB: near-threatened. Boa Nova - wet forest. Discovered at Boa Nova (a major northward range extension) in 1993. (T93) recorded one individual in a canopy flock, writing: "P. oustaleti is easily located by a repeated "tip tip tip" call and a constant shivering of its long, upraised tail as it moves around high branches." (F94): two found at Boa Nova. Trip: 3 (18,19 Oct) in forest along the old logging road. Remains in lower part of the canopy.

Bahia Tyrannulet Phylloscartes beckeri (a newly described species).
This newly described species (Gonzaga and Pacheco, 1995) has been found in the wet forest areas at Boa Nova. Bahia Tyrannulet resembles the closely related Mottled-cheeked Tyrannulet P. ventralis, but differs in having buff subloral stripes and eye-rings, rather than whitish or yellowish superciliary lines as seen in ventralis. The crown and nape are also considerably darker, greyish-green, blending into a brighter green back, rather than being concolourous. It further differs in having more pronounced wing markings, and the breast less olivaceous and the belly paler yellow.

Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis p508 Plate 35
Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip; Santo Amaro; 1 (8 Oct) heard and eventually tracked- down in tall secondary growth.

Eastern Olivaceous Flatbill Rhynchocyclus olivaceus p530 Plate 37
Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 2 (22 Oct) within forest of the reserve.

Yellow-olive Flycatcher  Tolmomyias sulphurescens p547 Plate 37
Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (18 Oct) in the dry forest.

Grey-crowned Flycatcher  Tolmomyias poliocephalus p548 Plate 37
Southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Historical records for Boa Nova.

Yellow-breasted Flycatcher Tolmomyias flaviventris p549 Plate 37
Boa Nova, Canudos at Cem Cinquenta (150), Monte Pascoal, Una, Porto Seguro. Serra da Capivara: rare throughout. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 2 (10 Oct) at microwave tower 22 km north of town. Caraca; 3+ (13 Oct). Jeremoabo; 2 (15 Oct).

White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus p544 Plate 36
Boa Nova

Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus p567 Plate 38
Boa Nova, Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 (9 Oct) at bridge 18 km east of town. Boa Nova; 5 (17-21 Oct). Una; 1 (22 Oct).

Atlantic (Royal) Flycatcher Onychorhynchus (coronatus) swainsoni p556 Plate 37
The distinctive northeastern Brazil race may be distinct. MP saw one in a mixed flock at Monte Pascoal. This species is rare in southeast Brazil.

Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher Myiobius barbatus p558 Plate 37
Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga. Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (21 Oct).

Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus p559 Not ill.
Porto Seguro (scarce), Monte Pascoal. In E. Brazil, atricaudus is uniform yellow below, whereas barbatus has tawny on breast contrasting with a yellow belly. Here, barbatus usually occurs in the lowlands and atricaudus on lower slopes.

Swallow (Cliff) Flycatcher Hirundinea (ferruginea) bellicosa p593 Plate 39
Serra da Capivara: common in arboreal-arbustive caatinga. Canudos, Monte Pascoal, Boa Nova. Treated as a separate species by Sibley & Monroe (1990), but as one species by Ridgely & Tudor. Trip: Boa Nova; Pair in the plantations below the wet forest (17 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 3+ very tame birds at the visitor centre (24,25 Oct).

Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus p579 Plate 38
The "Audible" form is listed (F93) as scarce at Boa Nova.

Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri p570 Plate 38
Boa Nova, Porto Seguro. Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive caatinga.

Northern Tropical Pewee Contopus bogotensis p575 Plate 38
Boa Nova.

Scarlet Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus p581 Plate 38
Austral migrant.

Grey Monjita Xolmis cinerea p641 Plate 41
Scarce at Boa Nova (F93).

White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velata p612 Not ill.
Serra da Capivara must be east of its range.

White Monjita Xolmis irupero p613 Plate 41
Boa Nova. Serra da Capivara: vagrant in secondary caatinga. Often occurs near water. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 1 on stumps of a cleared field 41 km north of town. Curaça; 6+ (11-13 Oct).

Velvety Black-Tyrant Knipolegus nigerrimus p627 Plate 42
DWF: Boa Nova. Morro do Chapéu.

White-winged Black-Tyrant Knipolegus aterrimus p625 Plate 42
Listed as scarce in northern Bahia by (F93).

Black-backed Water-Tyrant Fluvicola albiventer p631 Plate 42
Trip: Several seen on ponds en route near Morro de Chapéu; 1 (9 Oct), and Curaça; 5 (10,13 Oct).

Pied Water-Tyrant Fluvicola pica p632 Not ill.
Serra da Capivara: on list, though seemingly out of range.

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta p632 Plate 42
Serra da Capivara: vagrant along water's edge. Canudos, Boa Nova. Trip: Small numbers at roadside pools in many areas.

White-headed Marsh-Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala p633 Plate 42
Serra da Capivara: vagrant along water's edge. North of Jeremoabo along road. Trip: Mostly en route near Morro de Chapéu; 4 (9 Oct), Boa Nova; 2 (21 Oct), and Una; 1 (23 Oct).

Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa p618 Plate 41
Extreme southern Bahia.

Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys p614 Plate 41
Serra da Capivara: vagrant in secondary caatinga. Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (17 Oct) feeding at edge of dry forest adjacent to a cleared planation.

Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus p619 Plate 42
Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; 4+ daily (18-21 Oct) in the wet forest area. Una; 1 (23 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct).

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus p616 Plate 41
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in secondary caatinga. Boa Nova, Porto Seguro. Trip: Morro de Chappéu; 1 en route (8 Oct). Curaça; 3 (12,13 Oct). Canudos; 1 (14 Oct).

Shear-tailed Grey-Tyrant Muscipipra vetula p617 Plate 41
RBD: near-threatened. Apparently not previously known from Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; A single bird (19 Oct) perched in bushes of open area just below the wet forest along the old logging road.

Grey-hooded Attila Attila rufus p637 Plate 43
MP saw one near a stagnant pool at Porto Seguro. Listed for Boa Nova (F93). Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 5+ heard (17,19 Oct).

Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus p640 Plate 43
Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 2 heard (22,23 Oct).

Ash-throated Casiornis Casiornis fusca p642 Plate 43
Canudos: north of Cem Cinquenta. Serra da Capivara: rare in caatinga.

Rufous Casiornis Casiornis rufa p641 Plate 43
(F93) indicates it is scarce in northern Bahia. Austral migrant?

Greyish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex p643 Plate 43
Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Listed for Boa Nova (F93). Rhytipterna presumably nests in tree cavities like Myiarchus, but as of 1993, no nest of any Rhytipterna had been discovered (W. Lanyon, pers. comm.). Trip: Boa Nova; 3+ (19 Oct) in the wet forest. Porto Seguro; 3 heard (23,24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1 heard (25 Oct). Valença; 1 heard (26 Oct).

Cinereous Mourner Laniocera hypopyrrha p760 Plate 51
Southeast Bahia. Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 1 heard (22 Oct).

Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer p652 Not ill.
Boa Nova, Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Santo Amaro; 1 (8 Oct). Boa Nova; 1 (20 Oct). Una; 2+ (22,23 Oct). Porto Seguo; 1 (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; Several Myiarchus flycatchers thought to be this species.

Swainson's Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni p647 Plate 43
Migrant to southern Bahia.

Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox p649 Plate 43
Coastal Bahia. Porto Seguro and Una.

Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus p646 Plate 43
Serra da Capivara: common throughout. Boa Nova. Trip: Common in central and northern Bahia. Not seen south of Boa Nova.

Sirystes Sirystes sibilator p653 Plate 43
Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; 3 (19-21 Oct).

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana p673 Plate 44
Austral migrant.

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus p670 Plate 44
Serra da Capivara: common. Trip: Common throughout, except Curaça where only two individuals seen (11 Oct).

Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus p673 Not ill.
Mentioned by Gonzaga et al. (1986) for Porto Seguro.

Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius p667 Not ill.
Austral migrant. Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga. Una. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (18 Oct).

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarhynchus pitangua p654 Plate 44
Serra da Capivara: fairly common. Trip: Curaça; 1 (10 Oct). Jeremoabo; 1 (15 Oct). Common at Una, Porto Seguro, Monte Pascoal and Valença.

Three-striped Flycatcher Conopias trivirgata p661 Plate 44
Boa Nova - wet forest. Outside of range given by Ridgely and Tudor.

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus p665 Plate 44
Serra da Capivara: fairly common. Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 1 (23 Oct).

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis p658 Plate 44
Serra da Capivara: rare. Trip: Boa Nova; 6 (17,18,21 Oct). Una; 2 (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 4 (24,25 Oct).

Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis p657 Not ill.
Scarce in Bahia. Trip: Curaça; 14+ (12,13 Oct).

Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius p666 Plate 44
Migrant from both directions. Monte Pascoal.

Lesser Kiskadee Philhydor lictor p656 Plate 44

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus p655 Plate 44
Serra da Capivara: rare along water's edge. Trip: Common throughout.

SCHIFFORNIS, BECARDS TITYRINAE
Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus p690 Plate 46
Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 2 (22 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 heard (24,25 Oct).

Greenish Schiffornis Schiffornis virescens p692 Not ill.
Boa Nova (F93). Trip: Boa Nova; 2 birds heard in the wet forest (18,19 Oct) were initially put down as turdinus on voice. According to Ridgely and Tudor, turdinus does not occur above 500 m. altitude in Bahia.

Xenopsaris  Xenopsaris albinucha p675 Plate 45
Rare and local in western Bahia. Not on list for Serra da Capivara.

Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis p676 Plate 45
Boa Nova. Trip: Una; 4+ (23 Oct).

Cinereous Becard Pachyramphus rufus p682 Not ill.
Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Monte Pascoal.

Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus p682 Plate 45
Boa Nova wet forest. Trip: Boa Nova; 4+ (18,19,21 Oct).

White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus p679 Plate 45
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Jeremoabo; 1 (15 Oct).

Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus p680 Plate 45
Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 1 (23 Oct).

Crested Becard Pachyramphus validus p684 Plate 45
Formerly called Platypsaris rufus. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct) in plantation clearing.

Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana p687 Plate 45

Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor p687 Plate 45
Trip: Boa Nova; 2+ (17 Oct). Porto Seguro; 4 (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 (25 Oct).

COTINGAS COTINGINAE
Elegant Mourner (Shrike-like Cotinga) Laniisoma elegans p738 Plate 48
Recorded in surveys of forest remnants in the Serra Ouricana (Boa Nova area) by Gonzaga, Pacecho et al. (1995).

Swallow-tailed Cotinga Phibaulura flavirostris p739 Plate 48
RDB: near-threatened. Pair found in Boa Nova/Jequié area by Field Guides tour in December, 1993 (Whitney & Pacheco, 1993).

Black-headed Berryeater Carpornis melanocephalus p740 Plate 48
RDB:714-717. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; One bird heard once (22 Oct) calling from trees above the swamp forest was almost certainly this species. Seemingly not recorded at this locality previously, though should occur.

Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans p762 Plate 51
Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Commonly heard at Una, Porto Seguro, and Monte Pascoal.

Cinnamon-vented Piha Lipaugus lanioides p763 Not ill.
RDB:728-731. NJG: Monte Pascoal in canopy of primary forest near signpost reading "Acesso exclusivo aos funcionários." Also reported from Porto Seguro in 1989 by Pacheco. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (19 Oct) seen well at close range in the lower canopy of forest along the old logging road. Not previously known from this site.

Banded Cotinga Cotinga maculata p753 Plate 50
RDB:732-734. Porto Seguro, Monte Pascoal and CEPLAC "Gregório Bondar" experimental station on the Rio Jequitinhonha. (T93) saw it from the wide track on the eastern side of the CVRD reserve which is entered near Km 47 marker along the BR367 to Porto Seguro. Trip: Monte Pascoal; One distant scoped from the Visitor Centre (24 Oct).

White-winged Cotinga Xipholena atropurpurea p757 Not ill.
RDB:735-737. Una, CEPLAC "Gregório Bondar" experimental station on the Rio Jequitinhonha, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Observed by T93 near the beginning of the track on the eastern side of the CVRD reserve. See Snow (1982). Trip: Una; 3+ (22,23 Oct) seen by scanning the valley from the reserve entrance gate. Porto Seguro; 10+ (24 Oct) along the main driveable track after about 4 kilometres from the road.

Red-ruffed Fruitcrow Pyroderus scutatus p773 Plate 52
Occurs in Southern Bahia.

Bare-throated Bellbird Procnias nudicollis p768 Plate 51
RDB: near-threatened. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Monte Pascoal; At least four singing males (23,24 Oct). Valença; 2+ heard and one in flight (26 Oct).

Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus p731 Plate 48
Wet forest east of Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 in the wet forest (19 Oct).

Buff-throated Purpletuft Iodopleura pipra p736 Plate 48
Recorded in surveys of forest remnants in the Serra Ouricana (Boa Nova area) by Gonzaga, Pacecho et al. (1995).

MANAKINS PIPRINAE
Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris p698 Plate 46
Recorded in surveys of forest remnants in the Serra Ouricana (Boa Nova area) by Gonzaga, Pacecho et al. (1995).

Red-headed Manakin Pipra rubrocapilla p725 Not ill.
Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 10+ (22 Oct) within the forest of the reserve. Porto Seguro; 1 (23 Oct).

White-crowned Manakin Pipra pipra p723 Plate 47
Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 2 (22 Oct). Porto Seguro; 1 (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1 (24 Oct).

Helmeted Manakin Chiroxiphia galeata p709 Plate 46
Perhaps out of range - interior Bahia.

Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola p706 Plate 46
Trip: Una; 5 (22,23 Oct) within the forest of the reserve.

Blue (Swallow-tailed) Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata p708 Plate 46
Boa Nova - wet forest. Trip: Boa Nova; 10+ (17-21 Oct).

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus p710 Plate 47
Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct). Porto Seguro; 3 (23,24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1 (25 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct).

Pin-tailed Manakin Ilicura militaris p712 Plate 47
Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; 7 (17,19,20 Oct) mainly along the old logging road.

Striped Manakin Machaeropterus regulus p715 Plate 47
Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 4+ (22,23 Oct) within the forest of the reserve.

Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin Neopelma pallescens p695 Plate 46
Historical records from Salvador/Ilhéus area.

Wied's Tyrant-Manakin Neopelma aurifrons p696 Not ill.
Very similar to Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-Manakin, Plate 46. Scarce in southern Bahia. Historical records only from Boa Nova.

ANTBIRDS THAMNOPHILIDAE
Spot-backed Antshrike Hypoedaleus guttatus p220 Plate 15
Boa Nova.

Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena severa p218 Plate 15
Boa Nova - at top of trial through wet forest. A bamboo specialist.

Great Antshrike Taraba major p221 Plate 15
Serra da Capivara: fairly common except in semi-deciduous forest. Trip: Jeremoabo; 2 (15 Oct). Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct). Una; 1 heard (23 Oct) thought to be this species.

Silvery-cheeked Antshrike Sakesphoroides cristatus p224 Plate 16
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga. Canudos. Boa Nova: scrub 2 km east of town of Boa Nova. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 heard in caatinga below the summit (9 Oct). Senhor de Bonfim; 1 (10 Oct) 41 km north of town. Boa Nova; 6+ (17,18 Oct) in dry forest.

Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatuss p228 Plate 16
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga. East of Canudos. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 3+ (10 Oct) 41 km north of town. Canudos; 3+ heard (14,15 Oct) in caatinga around town.

Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus p230 Plate 16
(F93) lists it as Lined Antshrike in southern Bahia. Sounds like Barred Antshrike. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro.

Eastern Slaty Antshrike Thamnophilus punctatus p239 Plate 17
Serra da Capivara: common throughout. Also common in coastal Bahia. Trip: Santo Amaro; 2+ (8 Oct). Boa Nova; 8+ (16,17 Oct) in dry forest. Porto Seguro; 3+ heard (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2+ heard (25 Oct). Valença; 1+ heard (26 Oct).

Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens p242 Plate 17
Trip: Boa Nova; 3+ in old secondary forest (21 Oct). Males are extremely similar to males of Eastern Slaty Antshrike. Females of this local race are quite distinctive, being completely dull brown with a chestnut cap. Face greyish, unmarked. Warm brown underparts, Slightly rufous in primaries. Tail rufous brown. No white in wing.

Rufous-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus torquatus p232 Not ill.
Boa Nova - in caatinga. Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 2+ Thamnophilus sp. heard, and thought to be this species (7 Oct). Senhor de Bonfim; 4 in scrub along the railway 2 km south of town, and 2 in caatinga 41 km north of town.

Spot-breasted Antvireo Dysithamnus stictothorax p252 Plate 18
RDB: near-threatened. Boa Nova - in wet forest. Trip: Boa Nova; 6+ (20 Oct) near the end of the old logging road, and 2+ in old secondary (21 Oct). Una; 1 heard (23 Oct).

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis p253 Plate 18
Boa Nova.

Plumbeous Antvireo Dysithamnus plumbeus p253 Plate 18
RDB:656-658. There is only one old record (1928) for Bahia at Cajazeiras, on the Rio Gongoni. This is in the general vicinity of Boa Nova, but the bird requires primary or little-disturbed forest, which probably no longer exits in that area.

Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius p248 Plate 18
Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct), and a probable heard (19 Oct).

White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris p278 Plate 19
Porto Seguro, Monte Pascoal. Birds of eastern Brazil may be a different species - Grey-flanked Antwren, M. lactuosa. See Willis, Rev. Bras. Zool. 2:153-158 (1984). Trip: Monte Pascoal; A single about halfway up the mountain trail (24 Oct).

Salvadori's Antwren Myrmotherula minor p284 Not ill.
RDB: near-threatened. Monte Pascoal (F93) (scarce). Trip; Monte Pascoal; An immature (25 Oct) in forest behind the Visitor Centre.

Band-tailed Antwren Myrmotherula urosticta p284 Plate 19
RDB: near-threatened. Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Dense vines in second growth. Associates with White-flanked Antwren (NJG). Trip: Monte Pascoal; An adult feeding young seen along the mountain trail (24 Oct), and another (25 Oct).

Stripe-backed Antbird Myrmochilus strigilatus p303 Plate 20
Serra da Capivara: fairly common throughout. Jeremoabo, Boa Nova. Trip: Jeremoabo; 1 (14 Oct). Boa Nova; 2 in dry forest (17 Oct).

Black-capped Antwren Herpsilochmus atricapillus p259 Plate 18
RDB: near-threatened. Boa Nova, Salvador. DWF had it commonly at Serra da Capivara. Trip: Boa Nova; 3 (17,18 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct).

Pileated Antwren Herpsilochmus pileatus p260 Not ill.
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Seems to prefer taller vegetation. Pairs frequently associate with mixed flocks including Silvery-cheeked Antshrike, Great Antshrike, Thamnophilus antshrikes, Black-bellied Antwren and Long-billed Wren. Also recorded at Morro do Chapéu. (F94): "What was presumed to be this species was seen 6 km northeast of São Raimundo Nonato, just outside Serra da Capivara NP. However, the literature suggest that this species is very difficult to tell from Black-capped Antwren, one of the striking features being a grey supercilliary, not white. Our birds were strikingly different, resembling almost a gnatcatcher in appearance, even with a cocked tail. Our birds (at least four), had black cap, black panel on wing coverts and black tail. White double wing-bar (tips of wing coverts) and broad white outer tail feathers. Rest of bird, pale grey. Mantle, face and underparts plain. Therefore, no impression of superciliary, dark eye being on bland face." A distinctively-marked form was discovered in the caatinga habitat 2 km east of Boa Nova by BCF and DWF. (F94): "They seemed to be an intermediate form between Black-capped Antwrens and the Serra da Capivara birds which we presumed to have been Pileated Antwrens. The male did have a grey superciliary. It also had a plain face but with a short, dark postocular line. Mantle was smooth grey. However, it also had an obvious rusty crissum which was a major feature on the bird and would not have been neglected from previous descriptions had this been a feature of Pileated Antwren. The female had a very small unstreaked `perched' cap, so therefore a very plain face. Upperparts with hint of brown and underparts with hint of buff, otherwise, like the male, grey. Again, she also had a rusty crissum." Una (Gonzaga et al.). Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 4+ (8 Oct). Boa Nova; At least 12 (17,18 Oct) in the dry forest feeding flocks. Our observations of plumage and habits, agree with those of Forrester et al. above.

Pectoral Antwren Herpsilochmus pectoralis p256 Plate 18
RDB:665-666. Very local. DWF saw this species in the largest trees about 22 km west of Jeremoabo on the road to Canudos. Found by Bret Whitney near Itaberaba (on BR 242 west of Feira de Santana) and Santa Bárbara (30 km north of Feira de Santana). Recorded by (F94) at Jeremoabo. Trip: Jeremoabo; At least 3 singing males (15 Oct) in the undergrowth of humid gallery forest to the north side of the road 22 km from Jeremoabo.

Large-billed Antwren Herpsilochmus longirostris p255 Plate 18
Porto Seguro.

Rusty-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus p262 Plate 18
Boa Nova - wet forest. Monte Pascoal - trail to summit. Porto Seguro. Trip: Porto Seguro; 1 (24 Oct) along the mountain trail.

Narrow-billed Antwren Formicivora iheringi p298 Plate 20
RDB:669-670. Boa Nova - 2 km east of Boa Nova. RDB: "Birds join in mixed-species flocks that include Slender Antbird, Rufous Gnateater, White-browed Antpitta, Bahia (Pectoral) Antwren, Silvery-cheeked Antshrike, Flavescent Warbler, Rufous-browed Peppershrike, Pale-legged Hornero, Ochre-cheeked Spinetail, and Streaked Xenops (MP). Individuals and pairs noted near Boa Nova and Jequié foraged in dense tangles of thin vines, branches and foliage 2-8 m above the ground (in vine-rich forest c.15 m tall, with closely spaced small and medium trees, and a dense cover of large terrestrial bromeliads): the birds probed in trapped dead leaves and appeared to scan green leaves and stems (TAP)." (T93) reports it to be most common in the interior of dry forest at Boa Nova. (F94): "Resembles White-flanked Antwren, but whole bird very black and lacks the obvious white axillaries, throat has white edges to feathers. Tail is long." Trip: Boa Nova; 10+ in dry forest (17,18 Oct).

White-fringed Antwren Formicivora grisea p299 Plate 20
Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive caatinga. Boa Nova.

Black-bellied Antwren Formicivora melanogaster p301 Plate 20
Canudos, 2 km north of Cem Cinquenta. Boa Nova - 2 km east of town of Boa Nova. (T93) reports it at the edge of the wooded habitat. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 2 (9 Oct). Canudos; 2 (14,15 Oct). Boa Nova; 4 (17,18 Oct) in dry forest.

Ferruginous Antbird Drymophila ferruginea 294 Plate 20
Boa Nova. A bamboo specialist. Trip; Boa Nova; 7 (19,20 Oct) along the old logging road.

Ochre-rumped Antbird  Drymophila ochropyga p296 Not ill.
RDB: near-threatened. Boa Nova - wet forest. (T93): "At Boa Nova, a pair foraged 0-2 m. from the ground in thorny tangles and bamboo clumps at the base of the `wet forest' path." Trip: 4+ (20 Oct) along the old logging road. Porto Seguro; 1 heard (23 Oct).

Scaled Antbird Drymophila squamata p293 Plate 20
Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; 4 (19,20 Oct) along the old logging road. Una; 1 (22 Oct) inside forest of the reserve. Valença; 1 heard (26 Oct) thought to be this species.

Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata p289 Plate 20
Boa Nova.

Rio de Janeiro Antbird Cercomacra brasiliana p304 Plate 21
RDB: near-threatened. Boa Nova. (T93) reports a male at Boa Nova that moved "in the lethargic manner typical of Cercomacra through tall, dense vine tangles 3-5 m from the ground." Trip; A pair (19 Oct) in the main body of forest about halfway down the trail from the ridge to the plantations, in the area with large boulder outcrops.

White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera p311 Plate 21
Boa Nova, Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; 8+ (18-20 Oct), principally along the main track to the wet-forest, and a few within the forest along the old logging road. Monte Pascoal; 3+ heard (24,25 Oct).

Fringe-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena atra p311 Not ill.
RDB:677-678. Critically endangered. There is a stakeout west of Santo Amaro (see birding sites section above). RDB: "All fire-eyes tend to avoid the very open and vertically oriented undergrowth of tall forests, favoring instead tangled undergrowth, second-growth and other habitats where horizontal perches can be found near the ground; they also avoid sunlight and open vegetation. (Willis & Oniki 1982): Fringe-backed Fire-eyes usually move through tangles of vegetation up to 10 m. above the ground searching for insects, and scattered individuals or pairs also favor perches of dense vegetation, around old tree-falls or at the forest edge; they occasionally join interspecific bird flocks, seldom followed for long, a commonly associated species being the Moustached Wren. (Willis & Oniki 1982)." (F94): "The birds favoured a steep-sided stream at the base of the escarpment, with heavy vegetation and tangles. Palms were also a major feature of the site." Trip: Santo Amaro; A single bird seen (16 Oct) on the second visit to the site. The bird was calling from the dense undergrowth along (and over) a narrow, damp gully - gernerally keeping low down in tangled vegetation, though on one occasion hopped into a small tree above head height.

Slender Antbird Rhopornis ardesiaca p310 Plate 21
RDB:679-681. Boa Nova - 2 km east of town of Boa Nova. Also found in wood-lots both north and south of Jequié. Breeding activity seems to start by October. Trip: Boa Nova; 6+ (17,18 Oct) in the dry forest. Easilly found by its powerful song which was freely heard during the time of our visit. The birds are easilly seen, singing within the open understorey, and are not shy, occuring in areas where ground bomeliads are abundant. It is interesting to note that there is very little which might be considered "slender" about this bird, which appears fat and chunky in the field.

Scalloped Antbird Myrmeciza ruficauda p335 Plate 23
RDB:685-687. Formerly known in Bahia from the Rio Gongoni south, but no records since 1933.

White-bibbed Antbird Myrmeciza loricata p336 Plate 23
Boa Nova. Trip: 4+ (19,20 Oct) along the old logging road.

Wing-banded Antbird Myrmornis torquata p344 Plate 24
One 19th Century specimen supposedly from Bahia.

FURNARIIDS FURNARIIDAE
Band-tailed Hornero Furnarius figulus p49 Plate 2
Parks, gardens, woodland borders, near water. GT: "several seen - Bahia". Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive caatinga and secondary caatinga.

Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus p47 Plate 2
Boa Nova - around the village of Boa Nova. Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive caatinga and secondary caatinga. Trip: Curaça; A few daily (10-13 Oct). Canudos; 4 (15 Oct), and a further 4 en route (15 Oct). Boa Nova; 15+ (17,18 Oct) in dry forest. A further 10 en route (21 Oct). Una; 4 (23 Oct) en route.

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus p51 Plate 2
No information.

Chotoy Spinetail Schoeniophylax phryganophila p63 Plate 3
Fancy monotypic species. DWF: singing in roadside scrub along the road between Canudos and Jeremoabo. RSR & GT: Shrubby areas near water.

Spinetail sp. Synallaxis sp. (a new, undescribed species)
Gonzaga et al. (1995) have recorded a new species of Synallaxis Spinetail from Boa Nova. The species is intermediate between Rufous-capped Spinetail S. ruficapilla and Plain Spinetail S. infuscata. No further information.

Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla p73 Plate 4
Boa Nova - wet forest. Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga.

Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis p69 Plate 4
NJG saw it at Jeremoabo. GT: "several seen - Bahia". Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga. Monte Pascoal and Una. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 3 (9 Oct). Senhor de Bonfim; 6+ in caatinga (10 Oct) 41 km north of town. Jeremoabo; 2 (15 Oct). Boa Nova; common (17-21 Oct). Una; 1 (23 Oct). Valença; 4 (26 Oct).

Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens p71 Plate 4
Boa Nova. Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga. Trip: Boa Nova; A single feeding on the floor in dry forest (17 Oct).

Spix's (Chicli) Spinetail Synallaxis spixi p72 Plate 4
Monte Pascoal (RSR & HS). Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (19,20 Oct) in plantation scrub near wet forest.

Cinereous-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis hypospodia p70 Not ill.
Very local - need stakeout. Tick in (F93) for Salvador/Ilhéus area.

Grey-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis cinerascens p78 Plate 4
Monte Pascoal (RSR & HS).

Ochre-cheeked Spinetail Synallaxis (Poecilurus) scutatus p64 Plate 3
Tangled undergrowth and thickets. Serra da Capivara: Rare in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Ticks in (F93) for Boa Nova and northern Bahia.

Red-shouldered Spinetail Gyalophylax (Synallaxis) hellmayri p82 Plate 4
Fancy monotypic species. NJG had it at Cem Cinquenta, near Canudos. DWF: common at Canudos. Serra da Capivara: Rare in arboreal-arbustive caatinga. See Whitney & Pacheco (1994). Trip: sev in caatinga south of Canudos (15 Oct).

Pallid Spinetail Cranioleuca pallida p90 Not ill.
At top of track through wet forest at Boa Nova.

Grey-headed Spinetail Cranioleuca semicinerea p90 Plate 5
Boa Nova: dry forest 2 km east of town. At top of trees in mixed flock. Comes down in response to playback. See Teixeira & Luigi, Rev. Bras. Biol. 49:605-613 (1989).

Rusty-backed Spinetail Cranioleuca vulpina p93 Plate 5
Possibly out-of-range (west of our route). Occurs in shrubbery near water.

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea p95 Plate 5
Marshes. GT: "fairly common - Bahia". Serra da Capivara: water's edge. Trip: A few at pools en route (9,10 Oct). Boa Nova; 4+ (18,20 Oct) around pools along track to wet forest.

Striated Softtail Thripophaga macroura p116 Plate 7
RDB:624-626. Boa Nova - at beginning of track into wet forest. RDB: "The species usually forages in pairs and perhaps family groups with mixed-species understorey flocks (typical members of which at Sooretama are Lesser Woodcreeper, Plain Xenops, Cinereous Antshrike, White-flanked Antwren, Band-tailed Antwren and Eastern Olivaceous Flatbill, although at such times it particularly associates with the similar-looking bromeliad specialist Pale-browed Treehunter) in forest and older second growth, from about 2.5 to 7 metres above ground, actively climbing in dense vine tangles (to which it generally keeps and in which it is difficult to observe), perch-gleaning arthropods from vines, twigs and branches, sometimes from leaves at the ends of branches." Tobias et al. found one or two Softtails in "almost every medium to large-sized flock of forest birds". (F94): Six birds seen one day at Jacaré, south of Valença, "including a nest which appeared to be a pile of decaying vegetation, mostly leaves, that had got caught in the tree and was half suspended above the road." Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (18,19 Oct) just below the "two houses" (see map) along the track to the wet-forest. The birds were in dense grass/scrub about one metre from the ground just along side the track.

Common Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons p118 Plate 7
Boa Nova - roadside scrub 2 km east of town. Trip: Santo Amaro; 2 (16 Oct). Boa Nova; 6 (17-20 Oct). Una; 2 (23 Oct).

Greater Thornbird Phaecellodomus ruber p120 Plate 7
Juazeiro is near the eastern limit of its range.

Red-eyed Thornbird Phaecellodomus erythrophthalmus p123 Plate 7
Skulker in dense, swampy, wooded habitats, dense thickets and tall grass. Occurs in southern Bahia. Historical records for Salvador/Ilhéus area noted in (F93).

Firewood-Gatherer Anumbius annumbi p124 Plate 7
Monte Pascoal - Track "A" (MP). Boa Nova. Una.

Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura p175 Plate 11
Boa Nova.

Rufous Cacholote Pseudoseisura cristata p126 Plate 7
Dry caatinga woodland. Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive caatinga and secondary caatinga. GT: "2-3 pairs, Bahia". Scarce at Boa Nova. Trip: Up to 5 daily (10-13 Oct). Appears to favour areas of taller scrub near water or dried water courses.

Pale-browed Treehunter Cichlocolaptes leucophrus p151 Plate 9
Rare, monotypic endemic. Occurs in humid forest in southern Bahia. Not recorded in (F93). Trip: Boa Nova; A single observed feeding alone at eye-level in dense forest on the ridge, along the short trail at the end of the old logging road.

Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner Philydor lichtensteini p159 Plate 10
DWF: common at Boa Nova.

Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Dendroma rufa p158 Plate 10
Boa Nova - observed in mixed flocks by (T93). Trip: Boa Nova; 4 (19,20 Oct) in the interior of wet-forest.

Black-capped Foliage-gleaner Philydor atricapillus p162 Plate 10
Porto Seguro and Una.

White-collared Foliage-gleaner Anabazenops fuscus p163 Plate 10
DWF: probably common at Boa Nova. A bamboo specialist. See Rodrigues, Alvares & Macado. Trip: Boa Nova; 6 (19,20 Oct) in wet forest.

White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus leucophthalmus p164 Plate 11
Monte Pascoal, Porto Seguro, Una. Trip: Boa Nova; A few daily in wet forest (17-20 Oct). Una; 1 (22 Oct). Porto Seguro; Several heard (23,24 Oct). Valença; 1 heard (26 Oct).

Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus p171 Plate 11
Humid forest. Monte Pascoal (RSR & HS).

Black-tailed Leaftosser Sclerurus caudacutus p173 Plate 11
No information. Coastal forest.

Rufous-breasted Leaftosser Sclerurus scansor p172 Not ill.
Humid and montane forest. Occurs in extreme southern Bahia and north central Bahia, west about to Juazeiro. No further information.

White-throated Xenops Xenops minutus p139 Plate 8
Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal, Porto Seguro, Una. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (20,21 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1 (24 Oct).

Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans p138 Plate 8
Throughout. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (18 Oct). Una; 4 (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1 (25 Oct).

Great Xenops Megaxenops parnaguae p136 Plate 8
RBD:638-640. Monotypic species. Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and secondary caatinga. See Whitney & Pacheco (1994). Also found at Fazenda Brasileira, near Serrhina, Bahia, in June, 1991 by Dave Willis. (F94): "Found at two locations north of São Raimundo Nonato and just outside the Serra da Capivara National Park. Located one day near a large tower, 18 kms from the Pousada Serra da Capivara, on the BR 324 where one bird was seen. The next day, it was found to be common in more dense caatinga 6 km from the town on BR 020. DWF had up to 10 birds here. The habitat within the reserve appeared equally good though of a slightly different composition, but I would expect the species to occur here as well. Most of the reserve had almost impenetrable caatinga, of a consistent height and density, appearing as if the trees had been cut at a specific height by man, but this was a natural phenomena, not encountered by us at any other caatinga site on our trip." Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1+ (9 Oct) feeding low down in caatinga below the summit (see map). This is apparently the first record for the area for some time. The bird was associating with a mixed flock containing Perly-breated Tody-Tyrant, Pileated Antwren, Sooty Spinetail and Grey-eyed Greenlet. Constantly kept to with 1-1.5 metres from the ground.

WOODCREEPERS  DENDROCOLAPTINAE
Plain-winged (Thrush-like) Woodcreeper Dendrocinlca turdina p179 Not ill.
Boa Nova, Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. See Willis, Ciência e Cultura 35:201-204 (1983). Observed in mixed flocks at Boa Nova by (T93). Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct). Una; 2 (22 Oct). Porto Seguro; 2 (24 Oct). Plain-brown Woodcreeper is the name applied to this species in general. The eastern Brazilian form usually known as Thrush-like Woodcreeper.

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus p184 Plate 12
Serra da Capivara: Rare in angical and semi-deciduous forest. Local birds differ markedly in plumage and voice from those in Amazonia (single notes, not trill), and probably represent a distinct species. For taxonomic discussion see Ridgely and Tudor (1994). Trip: Santo Amaro; 1 bird heard (7 Oct) thought to be this species. Curaça; 3 (13 Oct). Canudos; 2 heard (14 Oct). Boa Nova; 4+ (18-21 Oct). Una; 2 (23 Oct).

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus p183 Plate 12
Porto Seguro, Monte Pascoal.

White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis p193 Plate 13
Occurs from Senhor de Bonfim south. No information beyond ticks in (F93).

Moustached Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes falcirostris p194 Not ill.
RDB:585-587. No records from the area we will be visiting. One bird was observed by Roth in July, 1987 at Fazenda Bom Recreio, Manoel Emídio, Piauí, which is about 150 km northwest of Serra da Capivara NP. Nine birds were collected in 1988 near Coribe, Bahia, west of the Rio São Francisco. No known recordings.

Planalto Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris p192 Plate 13
Boa Nova, Uan, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Serra da Capivara: fairly common except in second growth caatinga. Trip; Boa Nova; 1 (21 Oct) in tall trees of secondary growth.

Straight-billed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus picus p197 Plate 14
Boa Nova - dry forest. Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 1 (8 Oct) in mangroves.

Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus p202 Plate 14
Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 heard (19 Oct) thought to be this species. Una; 2 (22,23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 1 heard (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1+ heard (25 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct).

Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris p209 Plate 14
Canudos. GT: "several seen - Bahia". Serra da Capivara: fairly common except in second growth caatinga. Trip: Curaça; 15+ birds (10-13 Oct). Canudos; 10 (15 Oct). Boa Nova; 10+ in dry-forest (17,18 Oct).

Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes squamatus p208 Plate 14
Boa Nova - wet forest; Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (19 Oct) on dead tree in plantation.

Lesser Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes fuscus p209 Plate 14
Boa Nova, Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 5 (19-21 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 4+ (24,25 Oct).

Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris p211 Plate 14
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive caatinga, angical and semi-deciduous forest.

Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus falcularius p213 Plate 14
Boa Nova - dry forest patch 2 km east of town of Boa Nova. A bamboo specialist. Trip; Boa Nova; 2 (17 Oct) in dry-forest, and 2 (21 Oct) in secondary growth in wet-forest.

ANTTHRUSHES, ANTPITTAS FORMICARIIDAE
Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma p358 Plate 26
Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Valença; 1+ heard (26 Oct).

Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza campanisona p362 Not ill.
Occurs in southern Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; 5+ heard (17-21 Oct), mainly from lower elevation areas of the wet-forest (especially just inside the forest above the plantations). One bird seen well, somewhat amazingly, about 10 metres from the ground in the lower canopy where it was walking about on the lower limbs of the trees and attempting flycatching manoeuvers!

Cryptic (Such's) Antthrush Chamaeza meruloides p361 Not ill.
Raposo & Teixeira (1992) include southern Bahia within its range.

Variegated Antpitta Grallaria varia p368 Plate 26
Dense undergrowth in humid forest. Possible split from western form. Scarce in southern Bahia and between Salvador and Ilhéus. (F93) Porto Seguro and Una. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 bird heard (17-20 Oct) was holding territory in the forested valley immediately above the plantations.

White-browed Antpitta Hylopezus ochroleucus p388 Plate 28
RDB: near-threatened. Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and in semi-deciduous forest. Scarce at Boa Nova.

GNATEATERS CONOPOPHAGIDAE
Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata p397 Plate 28
Boa Nova wet and dry forest. Trip: Boa Nova; 4+ (19,20 Oct) along old logging road.

Hooded Gnateater Conopophaga roberti p399 Not ill.
RDB: near-threatened. Serra da Capivara would be near the southeastern limit of range.

Black-cheeked Gnateater Conopophaga melanops p398 Plate 28
Along trail to summit at Monte Pascoal (Forrester, 1987). Boa Nova and Salvador/Ilhéus area (F93). Una and Porto Seguro.

TAPACULOS RHINOCRYPTIDAE
Spotted Bamboowren Psilorhamphus guttatus p422 Plate 30
RDB: near-threatened. (F93) lists it as Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus region. No further information.

Collared Crescent-chest Melanopareia torquata p423 Plate 30
Serra da Capivara is just east of the indicated range, and it is not on Olmos' list. DWF: look in dry, thorny roadside scrub - chaco-type habitat.

Stresemann's Bristlefront Merulaxis stresemanni p407 Not ill.
RDB:705. The most sought-after bird in Bahia. Known from two specimens - 19th Century near Salvador & 1945 near Ilhéus. Una may be a place to look, although it was not found during brief surveys at Una in 1986 and 1987.

Slaty Bristlefront Merulaxis ater p407 Plate 29
RDB: near-threatened. One 19th Century specimen from Bahia at Belmonte, on the south side of the Rio Jequitinhonha.

Mouse-colored Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae p420 Plate 30
Wet forest at Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; Fairly commonly heard (17-20 Oct) at higher elevations within the wet forest. This isolated population is well north of other populations of the species.

White-breasted Tapaculo Scytalopus indigoticus p420 Plate 30
Recorded in surveys of forest remnants in the Serra Ouricana (Boa Nova area) by Gonzaga, Pacecho et al. (1995).

Bahia Tapaculo Scytalopus psychopompus p421 Not ill.
RDB:708. Described by Teixeira from specimens taken near Valença and near Ilhéus in swamp forest in 1983. Could be searched for at Una (maybe with the aid of a tape of S. indigoticus?). D.M. Teixeira advises that the type localities have been completely destroyed and reduced to pastureland.

VIREOS VIREONIDAE
Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis p145 Plate 8
Serra da Capivara: uncommon. Trip: Santo Amaro; 1 (7 Oct). Curaça; 3 (12,13 Oct). Jeremoabo; 4 (15 Oct). Boa Nova; 4+ daily (17-21 Oct).

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus p148 Plate 8
Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Trip: Santo Amaro; 2 (8 Oct). Una; 6+ (22,23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 2 heard (24 Oct). Valença; 2 (26 Oct).

Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poecilotis p153 Plate 8
Not in Bahia - birds listed as this species in trip reports are actually Grey-eyed Greenlets, which see below.

Grey-eyed Greenlet Hylophilus amaurocephalus Not in Ridgely & Tudor
Recently realised as a distinct taxon. See Willis, Wilson Bull. 103:559-567. Grey-eyed Greenlet is very similar to Rufous-crowned Greenlet, with which it is sympatric, but has a different song. Song is a simple, repeated two note song, similar to Scrub Greenlet, whereas Rufous-crowned Greenlet's song is more complex. Canudos, Boa Nova. Serra da Capivara: vagrant in arboreal-arbustive caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 (9 Oct) in mixed feeding flock. Boa Nova; 10+ (17-20 Oct).

Lemon-chested Greenlet Hylophilus thoracicus p155 Not ill.
Boa Nova. Trip: Una; 1 bird heard (22 Oct) thought to be this species.

JAYS CORVIDAE
White-naped Jay Cyanocorax cyanopogon p46 Not ill.
Declining. NJG: 2 km north of Cem Cinquenta (5 km east of Canudos). Morro do Chapéu, though few recent records. Trip; Morro de Chapéu; Pair near summit (9 Oct). Curaça; Up to 10 daily (11-13 Oct). Canudos; 12+ (14,15 Oct).

THRUSHES MUSCICAPIDAE TURDINAE
Rufous-brown Solitaire Cichlopsis leucogenys p107 Plate 5
Historical records for Boa Nova. Recorded in the area by Gonzaga et al. (1995).

Yellow-legged Thrush Platycichla flavipes p112 Plate 5
Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal.

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris p119 Plate 6
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Boa Nova, Una, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 2 (8 Oct). Curaça; 2 (10 Oct). Jeremoabo; 2 (15 Oct). Santo Amaro; 4 (16 Oct). Boa Nova; 4+ daily (18-21 Oct). Una; 4+ (23 Oct). Valença; 4 (26 Oct).

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas p122 Plate 6
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal caatinga, angical and semi-deciduous forest. Monte Pascoal, Una. Trip: Salvador; 1 (7 Oct). Santo Amaro; 10+ (7,8 Oct). Morro de Chapéu; 10+ (9 Oct). Boa Nova; 1 (17 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 (25 Oct). Valença; 4 (26 Oct).

Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus p121 Plate 6
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal caatinga, angical and semi-deciduous forest. Monte Pascoal, Una. Trip: Boa Nova; 2+ (17,18 Oct).

Cocoa Thrush Turdus fumigatus p126 Not ill.
Una, Monte Pascoal, Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 probable (18 Oct). Una; 1+ (23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 2 (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 4+ (24,25 Oct). Valença; 2 (26 Oct).

White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis p123 Plate 6
Trip: Boa Nova; 6+ (19,20 Oct). Una; 10+ (22,23 Oct).

Eastern Slaty-Thrush Turdus subalaris p128 Not ill.
Listed by RSR and HS for Monte Pascoal. Also listed in Gonzaga et al. (1986).

MOCKINGBIRDS STURNIDAE MIMINI
Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus p132 Plate 7
Trip: Salvador; 1 (7 Oct).

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus p133 Plate 7
Serra da Capivara: common in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga. Trip: Common in areas of dry caatinga. Recorded at Morro de Chapéu, Senhor de Bonfim, Curaça, and Canudos.

WRENS CERTHIIDAE TROGLODYTINAE
Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapillus p67 Plate 3
Boa Nova. Trip: Una; 3+ (22 Oct) in marsh 13 km south of town.

Thrush-like Wren Camphylorhynchus turdinus p69 Plate 3
Southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal. Trip: 6+ en route near Una (21 Oct).

Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis p75 Plate 3
Boa Nova, Porto Seguro, Monte Pascoal and Una. Trip: Santo Amaro; 2 (16 Oct). Boa Nova; 10+ (17,18,21 Oct). Porto Seguro; 2 (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 6 (24,25 Oct). Valença; 4+ (26 Oct).

Long-billed Wren Thryothorus longirostris p80 Plate 3
Serra da Capivara: inadvertently left off the distribution list by Olmos (1993), but mentioned in paragraph about Silvery-cheeked Antshrike. Travels in mixed flocks with antbirds. Canudos. Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 3 (10 Oct) in caatinga 41 km north of town. Canudos; 1 heard (14 Oct). Jeremoabo; (15 Oct).

House Wren Troglodytes aedon p85 Plate 4
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga. Trip: Fairly common throughout - recorded on most days in small numbers.

GNATCATCHERS, GNATWREN POLIOPTILINAE
Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus p100 Plate 4
Una, Porto Seguro, Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 1 heard (22 Oct). Valença; 2+ (26 Oct).

Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea p101 Plate 4
Serra da Capivara: fairly common. Canudos. Trip: Fairly common in dry areas. Recorded at Morro de Chapéu, Senhor de Bonfim, Curaça, Canudos and Boa Nova.

SWALLOWS HIRUNDINIDAE
White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer p54 Plate 2
Serra da Capivara: vagrant. Trip; São Francisco do Conde; 4+ (8,15 Oct). Morro de Chapéu; 2 en route (9 Oct). Canudos; 2 (14 Oct). Jeremoabo; 2 (15 Oct). Una; 20+ (21,22 Oct) mainly en route. Note that immatures can completely lack the white in the wing when they then resemble immature White-rumped Swallow.

White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa p55 Plate 2
A southern migrant. Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 2 around the ranch house along the access track to the reserve (23 Oct).

Brown-chested Martin Phaeoprogne tapera p49 Plate 2
No information.

Purple Martin Progne subis p52 Not ill.
Migrant from North America.

Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea p50 Plate 2
Trip: Common throughout.

Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca p57 Plate 2
Austral migrant. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; 6+ around plantations (19,20 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 14+ (24,25 Oct), especially around the summit.

Black-collared Swallow Pygochelidon melanoleuca p59 Plate 2
Local along rivers in extreme southern Bahia.

White-thighed Swallow Atticora tibialis p60 Plate 2
Local near Salvador.

Southern Rough-winged Swallow  Stelgidopteryx ruficollis p61 Plate 2
Serra da Capivara: vagrant. Trip: Common throghout.

Sand Martin Riparia riparia p62 Not ill.
Migrant from North America.

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica p65 Plate 2
Migrant from North America

SPARROWS AND WAXBILLS PASSERIDAE PASSERINAE
House Sparrow Passer domesticus
Trip: Common in towns and larger settlements throughout.

Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild p490 Plate 31
Trip: Salvador; 2 (7 Oct) feeding in scrub near the hotel.

PIPITS PASSERIDAE MOTACILLINAE
Yellowish Pipit Anthus chii p139 Plate 7
Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 en route (9 Oct). Canudos; 2 (14 Oct) around the edge of the reservoir.

FINCHES FRINGILLIDAE CARDUELINI
Yellow-faced Siskin Carduelis yarrellii p487 Plate 31
RDB:997-999. Serra da Capivara: rarely recorded from Fazenda Veneza and the extreme northwest and southeast of the park in arboreal-arbustive caatinga and cultivated areas. One bird was seen by Carlos Yamashita near Jeremoabo in May, 1986. (RDB)

BUNTINGS EMBERIZINAE EMBERIZINI
Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis p465 Plate 30
Serra da Capivara: common in secondary caatinga. Trip: Fairly common at Morro de Chapéu, Senhor de Bonfim, Canudos, and Boa Nova.

Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis p465 Plate 30
Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal, Porto Seguro. Trip: Una; 2 (23 Oct).

Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus p461 Plate 30
Coastal Bahia. Una and Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (18 Oct).

Red-cowled Cardinal Paroaria dominicana p392 Not ill.
Canudos. Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga. Boa Nova. Pindorama, which is just west of Porto Seguro. Trip: São Francisco do Conde; 2+ (7 Oct). Santo Amaro; 2 (8 Oct). Curaça; 30+ daily (10-13 Oct). Canudos; 10+ (14 Oct).

WOOD WARBLERS PARULINI
Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi p162 Plate 8
Widespread. Trip: Canudos; 1 (14 Oct). Jeremoabo; 1 (15 Oct). Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct).

Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis p182 Plate 9
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; 3+ (18,19 Oct).

Flavescent Warbler Basileuterus flaveolus p195 Not ill.
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal caatinga and angical and semi-deciduous forest. Boa Nova - dry forest. Trip: Jeremoabo; 1 (15 Oct). Boa Nova; 3+ (17,18 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct).
Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus p192 Plate 9
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 (8 Oct) around the summit. Boa Nova; 3 (21 Oct).

White-rimmed Warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus p196 Plate 9
"A bird apparently identical in plumage to the White-rimmed Warbler was observed in full song in dense undergrowth along a stream at 150 m above sea level in Monte Pascoal on 10 October. Its song, although similar in general quality to that of White-rimmed Warbler heard in Rio de Janeiro state, was simpler, consisting of a series of long descending clear notes with a terminal flourish. . . Although the species approaches sea level in Uruguay and Argentina, in Rio de Janeiro state it occurs commonly in the forested coastal ranges from about 1,000 to 2,000 m." (Gonzaga et al. 1986)

Neotropical River Warbler Basileuterus rivularis p197 Not ill.
Boa Nova - by stream at bottom of wet forest.

TANAGERS THRAUPINI
Bananaquit Coereba flaveola p221 Plate 11
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in arboreal-arbustive and arboreal caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Widespread. Trip: Widespread and common.

Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum p223 Plate 11
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal caatinga and angical and semi-deciduous forest. Boa Nova. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 2+ (10 Oct) in caatinga 22 km north of town.

Bicolored Conebill Conirostrum bicolor p222 Plate 11
Coastal mangroves near Salvador. Trip: São Francisco do Conde; Common in mangroves with 10+ daily (7,8,15 Oct).

Brown Tanager Orchesticus abeillei p330 Plate 20
Historical records from Salvador/Ilhéus. Closely resembles Buff-fronted Foliage-Gleaner.

Cinnamon Tanager Schistochlamys ruficapillus p333 Plate 20
Boa Nova in dry scrub. Usually encountered singly or in pairs. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 (8 Oct) at bridge 18 km east of town. Boa Nova; 4 (18,20 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2 (24 Oct) in dryer scrub on back of summit.

Black-faced Tanager Schistochlamys melanopis p333 Plate 20

White-banded Tanager Neothraupis fasciata p334 Plate 20
Apparently out of range to the northwest.

White-rumped Tanager Cypsnagra hirundinacea p334 Plate 20
Cerrado.

Magpie Tanager Cissopis leveriana p337 Plate 20
Southern Bahia.

Scarlet-throated Tanager Compsothraupis loricata p335 Plate 20
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. (F93): 21 km west of Jeremoabo. (F94): Serra da Capivara and just outside park. Easilly overlooked as it strongly resembles an Icterid species, especially in flight. Trip: Curaça; 2 (12 Oct).

Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida p228 Plate 12
Boa Nova and Salvador/Ilhéus. Trip: Santo Amaro; 1 (16 Oct). Boa Nova; 5+ (18,21 Oct).

Rufous-headed Tanager Hemithraupis ruficapilla p226 Not ill.
The northeastern Brazil replacement for Guira Tanager. Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 4+ (18,19 Oct) in forest edge along main track to wet forest.

Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira p225 Plate 11
Serra da Capivara: vagrant in semi-deciduous forest.

Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis p226 Plate 11
Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Valença; 4+ (26 Oct).

Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata p227 Plate 11
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal caatinga and angical and semideciduous forest. Boa Nova and Salvador/Ilhéus. Trip: Senhor de Bonfin; 2 (10 Oct). Jeremoabo; 2 (15 Oct). Una; 2 (23 Oct).

Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus p328 Plate 19
Recorded Boa Nova by TG.

White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus p329 Not ill.
Serra da Capivara: vagrant in secondary caatinga. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 (9 Oct). Canudos; 4 (15 Oct). Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct). Una; 2+ (23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 2 (24 Oct). Valença; 10+ (26 Oct).

Flame-crested Tanager Loriotus cristatus p325 Plate 19
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Santo Amaro; 2 (8 Oct). Porto Seguro; 1 (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1 (24 Oct).

Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops p331 Plate 20
Porto Seguro. Boa Nova. Trip: 3 (19,20 Oct) fairly low down inside the forest along old logging road.

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica p314 Plate 18
Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; 20+ (17-20 Oct).

Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava p306 Plate 18
Monte Pascoal. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 (9 Oct) near the waterfall, 18 km east of town.

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius p312 Plate 18
Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal, Porto Seguro. Trip: Santo Amaro; 1 (16 Oct). Boa Nova; Common in secondary growth (17-21 Oct). Una; 6+ (22,23 Oct). Valença; Common (26 Oct).

Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo p310 Plate 18

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca p303 Plate 17
Serra da Capivara: vagrant in caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Replacement for Blue-Grey Tanager. Coastal Bahia. Trip: Common throughout.

Golden-chevroned Tanager Thraupis ornata p302 Plate 17
Monte Pascoal - summit track. Boa Nova.

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum p302 Plate 17
Trip: Common at Boa Nova, Una, Porto Seguro, Monte Pascoal and Valença.

Blue-capped Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera p301 Plate 17
Recorded in surveys of forest remnants in the Serra Ouricana (Boa Nova area) by Gonzaga, Pacecho et al. (1995).

Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota p286 Plate 16
Apparently out of range. Occurs farther south.

Golden-rumped Euphonia Chlorophonia cyanocephala p266 Plate 14
Recorded by Beadle et al. (1995) at Boa Nova.

Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster p263 Plate 14
Occurs in southern Bahia. Historical records from Boa Nova. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro.

Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica p261 Plate 14
Serra da Capivara: fairly common throughout. Boa Nova, Salvador, Monte Pascoal. Trip: Senhor de Bofim; 4+ (9 Oct). Curaça; 4+ daily (10-13 Oct). Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct). Una; 12+ (22,23 Oct).

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea p259 Not ill.
Coastal Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (18 Oct). Una; 12+ (22,23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 4 (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 8+ (24,25 Oct).

Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis p267 Plate 14
Coastal Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (20 Oct) on ridge trail. Monte Pascoal; 2 (25 Oct).

Blue-naped Chlorophonia Chlorophonia cyanea p270 Plate 14
Scarce in Salvador/Ilhéus area.

Silvery-breasted Tanager Tangara (velia) cyanomelaena p254 Plate 13
Usually regarded as a race of Opal-rumped Tanager, but the isolated eastern Brazil race is quite distinct, with silvery-greyish blue breast, sides and flanks. Monte Pascoal and Porto Seguro. Trip: Santo Amaro; 2 (8 Oct). Una; 4+ (23 Oct).

Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon p256 Plate 13
Southeast Brazil replacement of Paradise Tanager. Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 6+ (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 14+ (24,25 Oct).

Red-necked Tanager Tangara cyanocephala p257 Plate 13
Historically, at least, found in humid montane forest near Salvador. Easy to find in Espírito Santo. Trip: Boa Nova; 2+ in mixed canopy flock (19 Oct).

Gilt-edged Tanager Tangara cyanoventris p258 Not ill.
Boa Nova. Trip: fairly common in plantations below rain forest (18-21 Oct).

Turquoise (White-bellied) Tanager Tangara (mexicana) brasiliensis p253 Not ill.
The isolated eastern Brazil race may be distinct. Boa Nova, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 6+ (23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 4 (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2+ (24 Oct).

Burnished-buff Tanager Stilpnia cayana 246 Plate 13
Coastal Bahia. Trip: Salvador; 1 (7 Oct). Morro de Chapéu; 3+ (8,9 Oct). Boa Nova; 6+ (17,18 Oct). Una; 6+ (22,23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 2 (24 Oct). Valença; 4 (26 Oct).

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana p213 Plate 11
Widespread. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 (9 Oct) around summit. Small numbers at Boa Nova, Una, Monte Pascoal and Valença.

Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza p220 Plate 11
Salvador and southern Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; 3 (17,19 Oct). Una; 7+ (22,23 Oct), Porto Seguro; 2 (23 Oct).

Red-legged Honeycreeper Chlorophanes cyaneus p219 Not ill.
Salvador and southern Bahia. Trip: Common at Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal.

Swallow-Tanager  Tersina viridis p272 Plate 14
Scarce in southern Bahia.

Coal-crested Finch Charitospiza eucosma p474 Plate 30
RDB: near-threatened. Listed (F93) as scarce in northern Bahia. Grassy cerrado with scattered bushes and low trees.

Grey Pileated-Finch Coryphospingus pileatus p476 Plate 30
Serra da Capivara: common throughout. Canudos, Boa Nova. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 10+ (10 Oct) around the microwave tower 22 km north of town. Curaça; Common (10-13 Oct). Canudos; 15+ (14-15 Oct). Boa Nova; 10 (18 Oct).

Red Pileated-Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus p475 Plate 30
Austral migrant. (F93) lists it as accidental in interior northern Bahia.

Orange-fronted Yellow-Finch Sicalis columbiana p478 Not ill.

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola p477 Plate 31
Serra da Capivara: vagrant in secondary caatinga. Scarce on Bahia coast. Trip: Curaça; 10+ (13 Oct). Una; 2 (23 Oct).

Stripe-tailed Yellow-Finch Sicalis citrina p478 Plate 31
Serra da Capivara: vagrant in arboreal-arbustive caatinga. Scarce at Boa Nova.

Grassland Yellow-Finch Sicalis luteola luteiventris p479 Plate 31
Austral migrant to interior northern Bahia. Possibly splittable as Misto Yellow-Finch.

Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch Emberizoides herbicola p470 Plate 30
Porto Seguro. Trip: Boa Nova; 2+ (18,21 Oct) at start of old logging road.

Pale-throated Serra-Finch Embernagra longicauda p469 Not ill.
RDB: near-threatened. Near summit of Morro do Chapéu. Restricted range - very local. See Mattos & Sick, Rev. Bras. Biol. 45:201-206 (1985).

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina p404 Plate 26
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga. Trip: Common at Senhor de Bonfim, and Boa Nova. Canudos; 4 (14 Oct).

Temminck's Seedeater Sporophila falcirostris p416 Not ill.
RDB:855-857. Southern Bahia - rare. Replacement for Slate-colored Seedeater. Forrester indicates that there are records for Boa Nova, but the only recent record for Bahia mentioned in the RDB is Gonzaga (1987) at the Una Reserve.

Lined Seedeater Sporophila lineola p408 Plate 26
Serra da Capivara: rare in secondary caatinga.

Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis p411 Plate 26
Boa Nova, Monte Pascoal. Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga. Trip: Santo Amaro; 4 (7,8 Oct). Morro de Chapéu; 4 (9 Oct). Boa Nova; Common. Una; 4+ (23 Oct). Valença; 2+ (26 Oct).

Dubois' Seedeater Sporophila ardesiaca p411 Not ill.
Boa Nova - has been seen in roadside scrub by gate close to the Slender Antbird site (NJG). Porto Seguro - in overgrown clearing (MP). Monte Pascoal - along road from BR101 to the car park. According to E.O. Willis this species is a hydrid between Yellow-bellied and Double-collared Seedeater (Beadle et al. (1995). Trip: Una; At least 4 inc. well plumaged males along the reserve access road (23 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2+ (25 Oct) around the visitor centre.

Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens p413 Plate 26
Monte Pascoal. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (19 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 2+ (25 Oct).

White-throated Seedeater Sporophila albogularis p414 Not ill.
Numerous at Canudos. Serra da Capivara: rare in arboreal-arbustive and secondary caatinga. Usually observed in open, degraded areas with grasses. Another site near Santo Amaro. Trip: Curaça; Common (10-13 Oct). Canudos; 10+ (14 Oct).

White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera p418 Plate 26
Boa Nova. Uncommon. Found singly or in pairs and not associated with other seedeaters. Always near water. Trip: Boa Nova; 8+ (17-19 Oct) near pond and gallery forest along track to wet forest. Una; 2 (23 Oct). Valença; 2 (26 Oct).

Capped Seedeater Sporophila bouvreuil p419 Plate 26
Listed by (F93) for Boa Nova, Salvador/Ilhéus and northern Bahia. Another site somewhere near Santo Amaro (Clements, pers. com.). Trip: Boa Nova; 2 (19 Oct) in plantations below wet forest, associating with other seedeaters.

Great-billed Seed Finch Sporophila maximilianii p402 Plate 25
RDB: near-threatened. Serra da Capivara: now probably extinct in the region. A lone male was observed at Fazenda Veneza in 1986. Historical records from Boa Nova.

Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch Sporophila angolensis p401 Plate 25
RDB: near-threatened. Scarce in southern Bahia and Salvador/Ilhéus, mainly due to heavy trapping. Una, Porto Seguro and Monte Pascoal. Trip: Una; 1 (23 Oct). Valença; 1 (26 Oct) in a cage.

Sooty Grassquit Tiaris fuliginosa p404 Plate 26
Not listed for Bahia by (F93). Local in coastal lowlands in forest and forest edge.

CARDINALS CARDINALINI
Yellow-green Grosbeak Caryothraustes canadensis p383 Plate 24
Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; 10+ (17-21 Oct). Una; 14+ (22,23 Oct). Porto Seguro; 2 (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 24 (24 Oct).

Black-throated Grosbeak Pitylus fuliginosus p382 Not ill.
Replacement for Slate-throated Grosbeak. Historical records for Boa Nova. Trip: Boa Nova; 1 (19,20 Oct) seen well in forest along the old logging road.

Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus p386 Not ill.
Coastal Bahia. Trip: Santo Amaro; 5+ (8 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 10+ (24,25 Oct). Valença; Common (26 Oct).

Bluish-grey Saltator Saltator coerulescens p385 Plate 24
Interior only.

Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis p385 Not ill.
Boa Nova. Replaces Bluish-grey Saltator along coast. Trip: Morro de Chapéu; 1 (8 Oct) around the summit. Boa Nova; 20+ (17,18,20 Oct).

Black-throated Saltator Saltatricula atricollis p389 Plate 24
Occurs to the northwest. Song unlike that of other saltators. Listed (F93) for northern Bahia. Trip: Senhor de Bonfim; 10 (10 Oct) in caatinga 41 km north of town.

Ultramarine Grosbeak Cyanoloxia brissonii p396 Plate 25
Serra da Capivara: uncommon in caatinga. Boa Nova. Trip: Jeremoabo; 2 immature birds (15 Oct).

Blue Finch Rhopospina caerulescens p398 Plate 25
RDB: near-threatened. Rare in cerrado.

AMERICAN ORIOLES, BLACKBIRDS ICTERINI
Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus p375 Plate 23
Occurs in southern Bahia. Monte Pascoal.

Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela p370 Plate 23
Trip: Una; Common. Porto Seguro; 4 (24 Oct). Monte Pascoal; 1 (25 Oct).

Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous p369 Not ill.
Trip: Common at Una, Porto Seguro, Monte Pascoal and Valença.

Solitary Cacique Cacicus solitarius p367 Plate 23

Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis p360 Plate 22
Serra da Capivara: fairly common throughout. Trip: Curaça; 15+ (10-12 Oct). Jeremoabo; 2 (15 Oct).

Troupial Icterus icterus p362 Plate 22
Serra da Capivara: fairly common throughout. Trip: Moro de Chapéu; 1 (9 Oct) en route. Curaça; 10+ (10-13 Oct). Jeremoabo; 4 (15 Oct). Una; 1 (22 Oct).

Chestnut-capped Blackbird Agelaius ruficapillus p347 Plate 21
Irrigation area 3 km east of Canudos. Serra da Capivara: rare along water's edge. Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Trip; 6+ en route (9 Oct).

White-browed Meadowlark Sturnella superciliaris p341 Plate 21
Boa Nova, Canudos, southern Bahia. Serra da Capivara: vagrant in secondary caatinga. Trip: 10+ en route (9 Oct), and 20+ en route (13 Oct).

Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi p350 Plate 22
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga and semi-deciduous forest. Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Trip: Boa Nova; Common.

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis p354 Plate 22
Serra da Capivara: common in caatinga. Boa Nova and southern Bahia. Trip: Recorded in small numbers from coastal sites of Santo Amaroo, Salvador, Boa Nova, Una, Monte Pascoal and Valença.

Bay-winged Cowbird Molothrus badius p355 Plate 22
Serra da Capivara: fairly common in caatinga. Scarce at Boa Nova and in southern Bahia. Not parasitic. Trip: Curaça; Very common.

Giant Cowbird Scaphidura oryzivora p356 Plate 22
Southern Bahia. Scarce at Boa Nova. Monte Pascoal.

Section 1 - Introduction, logistics, itinerary and general information.
Section 2 - Birding sites (part 1).
Section 3 - Birding sites (part 2).
Section 4 - Birding sites (part 3).