Section 1 - Introduction, logistics, itinerary and general information.
Section 2 - Birding sites (part 1).
Section 3 - Birding sites (part 2).
Section 4 - Birding sites (part 3).
Section 5 - Annotated checklist.

Systematic Checklist

Great Tinamou Tinamus major
Cana; Several heard daily (20-27 Dec) except above the campsite. El Real; Several heard daily (3-5 Jan).

Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui
Cana; A single seen along Boca de Cupe trail (26 Dec), and one heard around the camp (27 Dec). Cerro Colorado; One heard (1 Jan). El Real; Several, assumed to be this species, heard daily (3-5 Jan).

Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens
Common in coastal areas of the Canal Zone.

Neotropic Cormorant Nannopterum brasilianum
Singles around Panama City (19,20,28 Dec), and 50+ (29 Dec). El Real; 3 (3-4 Jan).

Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis
Common in coastal areas of the Canal Zone.

Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata
El Real; Two groups of 21 and 7, flying over early morning (4,5 Jan).

Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea
Three en route (19 Dec) and 10+ (29 Dec). Singles Summit Gardens (30 Dec and 1 Jan). El Real; 1 (4 Jan).

Snowy Egret Egretta thula
Three near Panama City (28 Dec).

Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus
El Real; Singles flying over at dawn (4-5 Jan).

Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias
Small numbers en route (17,19,29 Dec). El Real; 2 (4-5 Jan).

Western Great Egret Casmerodius albus
Small numbers recorded daily except Cana where none seen.

Cattle Egret Ardea ibis
Small numbers recorded daily except Cana where none seen.

Striated Heron Butorides striatus
Summit Gardens; 1 (1 Jan). El Real; 1 (4 Jan).

Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
One bird in a drainage canal in Panama City (29 Dec).

Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius
Summit Gardens; 2 (30 Dec).

Wood Stork Mycteria americana
El Real; 2 over north (4 Jan).

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus
Common throughout except Cana where none seen.

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura
Common throughout.

King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa
Cana; A single over the ridge above the camp (26 Dec).

Osprey Pandion haliaetus
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 1 (29 Dec).

American Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus
Cerro Colorado; 5 (18 Dec). Cana; 3 (3,4 Jan).

White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus
Singles en route (18 Dec and 1 Jan).

Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus
Santa Fe; 1 imm. (17 Dec).

Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus
A single en route (19 Dec).

Bicoloured Hawk Astur bicolor
Cana; An adult, seen well, perched in trees above the camp (22 Dec).

Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens
El Real; A pair along the Pirre track (5 Jan).

White Hawk Leucopternis albicollis
Cana; Pair above forest (22 Dec).

Common Black Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus
Cana; A Single, presumably the same bird, seen along the begining of the Setetule trial (20-27 Dec).

Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meriodionalis
Two in open areas near the marshes east of Divisa (19 Dec).

Grey-lined Hawk Asturina nitida
Santa Fe; 1 imm (19 Dec).

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris
Singles en route (17,30 Dec). Sante Fe; 1 (31 Dec). Cana; 10+ (3-5 Jan).

Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus
Madden Lake; 1 (28 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 1 (29 Dec).

Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus
Two in open areas near the marshes east of Divisa (19 Dec). Santa Fe; 1 above Cerro Tute (31 Dec).

Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec).

Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus
Cana; Singles around the camp (19,27 Dec).

Red-throated Caracara Daptrius americanus
Cana; Two heard around the camp (21 Dec), and a single seen (25 Dec).

Crested Caracara Caracara plancus
A few en route in central Panama (17,19 Dec).

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima
Common at Santa Fe and Cerro Colorado (17-19 Dec).

Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans
Cana; A single bird with a metre-long snake perched near the camp (26 Dec).

Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis
Cana; One heard morning (21 Dec), and another across the camp clearing (27 Dec).

American Kestrel Falco sparverius
Santa Fe; 2 (17 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 1 (28 Dec), and 2 (2 Jan).

Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis
Cana; 2 (25 Dec). El Real; Singles (3,4 Jan).

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus
Panama City; One adult perched inside the ruins at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Grey-headed Chachalaca Ortalis cinereiceps
Cana; Up to six along Boca de Cupe trail (25,26 Dec). Cerro Azúl; 1 (29 Dec). Santa Fe; 12+ (30,31 Dec). Cerro Colorado; 2 (1 Jan). Summit Gardens; 1 (1 Jan). El Real; 8+ (4,5 Jan).

Crested Guan Penelope purpurascens
Cana; A total of 11 birds over three dates (20-26 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 2 (2 Jan). El Real; 2 heard (4 Jan).

Great Curassow Crax rubra
Cana; A single heard along BdC trail (22 Dec).

Marbled Wood-Quail Odontophorus gujanensis
Cana; Several heard behind the camp (22 Dec), and 20+ in two groups along the Pirre trail (23 Dec).

Black-eared Wood-Quail Odontophorus melanotis
Cerro Jefe; 1 flushed along the main track behind the antennas (2 Jan).

Tawny-faced Quail Rhynchortyx cinctus
Cana; A single bird roosting in bamboo around the campsite on Cerro Pirre (24,25 Dec).

White-throated Crake Laterallus albigularis
Cana; A single calling in grass along the airstrip (20 Dec). Summit; A single heard (1 Jan). El Real; Commonly heard in long grass between the airstrip and town (3-5 Dec).

Grey-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea
El Real; One in forest along the Pirre road.

American Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinicus
El Real; Common in swampy pools (3-5 Jan).

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
Summit; 1 (30 Dec).

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana
Common in flooded areas near Divisa (19 Dec), and Chiva Chiva Road (30 Dec, 1 Jan). El Real; 5 (3-4 Jan).

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus
Panama City; 10+ on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca
Panama City; A single on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Spotted Sandpiper Tringa macularia
Panama City; Two birds on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
Panama City; 50+ on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres
Panama City; 50+ on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus
Panama City; 2+ on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Surfbird Aphriza virgata
Panama City; 2+ in with a group of Ruddy Turnstone at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Sanderling Calidris alba
Panama City; 100+ on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla
Panama City; 50+ on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola
Panama City; 20+ on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus
Panama City; 10+ on the mudflats at Panama Viejo (29 Dec).

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis
El Real; A pair on the airstrip early morning (4 Jan).

Laughing Gull Larus atricilla
Panama City; Common along the sea front.

Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus
Panama City; 3 at the end of the domestic airport runway (29 Dec).

Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis
Chiva Chiva Road; 6+ (30 Dec).

Common Tern Sterna hirundo
Panama City; A single resting on the mudflats (29 Dec).

Feral Pigeon Columba livia
Panama City; Apparently uncommon, with only four noted on the beachfront (29 Dec). El Real; 7 (3-4 Jan).

Scaled Pigeon Columba speciosa
Cana; A total of 10 birds on two dates (21,25 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 1 (28 Dec). Summit; 3+ (30 Dec, 1 Jan).

Band-tailed Pigeon Columba fasciata
Cerro Colorado; 20+ (18 Dec), 3 (1 Jan). Santa Fe; 10+ (19 Dec).

Pale-vented Pigeon Columba cayennensis
El Real; 30+ in open areas (4-5 Jan).

Ruddy Pigeon Columba subvinacea
Cana; 3+ (24,25 Dec).

Plain-breasted Ground-Dove Columbina minuta
El Real; 2+ at the airstrip (4 Jan).

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti
Widespread and common, but none recorded at Cana.

Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa
One en route near Santiago (17 Dec), and another heard at Cana (27 Dec).

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi
Widespread and common outside of heavilly forested areas.

Grey-chested Dove Leptotila cassini
A total of six at cana (20-27 Dec).

Violaceous Quail-Dove Geotrygon violacea
A single bird feeding on the Boca de Cupe trail (26 Dec).

Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana
One near the summit of Cerro Tute (31 Dec).

Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna
Common at Cana (20-27 Dec), with up to 20+ daily.

Great Green Macaw Ara ambigua
A few daily at Cana (20-27 Dec).

Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloropterus
A total of 8 at Cana (22-27 Dec).

Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara severa
A few at Cana, with one group of 20+ birds (25 Dec).

Brown-throated Parakeet Aratinga pertinax
Ten individuals of the form ocularis, endemic to western and central Panama, near Santiago (17 Dec).

Sulphur-winged Parakeet Pyrrhura hoffmanni
A loose group of 20+ above Santa Fe (31 Dec). Unusual this far west.

Orange-chinned Parakeet Brotogeris jugularis
Recorded daily from Panama City eastward.

Brown-hooded Parrot Pionopsitta haematotis
Santa Fe; 20 (17 Dec). Cana; 11 (22-23 Dec).

Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus
Common in the lowlands at Cana and El Real.

Red-lored Parrot Amazona autumnalis
Cana; 4 (25,27 Dec). El Real; 6 (4,5 Jan).

Mealy Amazon Amazona farinosa
Santiago; 1 (17 Dec). Cana; 50+ (20-27 Dec). El Real; 50+ (3,4 Jan).

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana
Widespread.

Little Cuckoo Piaya minuta
Cana; a total of 4 around the airstrip and along the Boca de Cupe trail (20-27 Dec).

Greater Ani Crotophaga major
El Real; Very common (3-5 Jan).

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani
Widespread and common.

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia
Cerro Colorado; 3 below Hato Chamí (1 Jan). El Real; 10+ in grasslands around the village (3-5 Jan).

Vermiculated Screech-Owl Otus vermiculatus
Cana; 1+ heard on several mornings and evenings (often an hour or more before dark) around the camp end of the airstrip (20-27 Dec). One eventually seen near the camp (26 Dec). Very difficult to locate. Voice, ventiloquial and far-carrying. At least two others heard around the campsite on Cerro Pirre (24 Dec). Does not readilly approach playback, and always remains well hidden.

Mottled Owl Strix virgata
Cana; Two heard around the camp (21,26 Dec).

Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata
Cana; 1 heard along the airstrip (21 Dec). Another seen in the forest on Cerro Pirre (23 Dec). Two heard around the Cerro Pirre campsite (24-25 Dec).

Central American Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium griseiceps
Cana; One heard on both mornings at the campsite on Cerro Pirre (24,25 Dec). This is a canopy species and although responsive to tape playback, its small size and speed makes it difficult to locate.

Common Potoo Nyctibius jamaicensis
El Real; One heard in grasslands near the airstrip evening/morning (4,5 Jan).

Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis
Two over Summit Gardens (1 Jan), and 10+ at El Real (3,4 Jan).

Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis
Cana; common around the camp (20-27 Dec). Cerro Azúl; 1 heard (28 Dec, 2 Jan). El Real; common around town (3-5 Jan).

Chestnut-collared Swift Strepoprocne rutila
El Real; 10 Strepoprocne swifts with notched tails (4 Jan), thought to be this species.

White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris
Santa Fe; 50+ (17 Dec). Cana; common (up to 100) daily (20-27 Dec). El Real ; 20 (4 Dec).

Band-rumped Swift Chaetura spinicauda
Cana; 4+ (22 Dec) and 10+ (25 Dec). Madden Lake; 10 (29 Dec). Summit Gardens; 4 (30 Dec). Santa Fe; 3 (31 Dec). El Real; 2 (3 Jan).

Chapman's Swift Chaetura chapmani
Cana; 2 were feeding around the camp on the evening of (22 Dec) with a mixed group of White-collared and Band-rumped Swifts. Studied for 20+ minutes in good light, sometimes below the horizon, when contrast in pale rump visible. See Chantler and Driessens (1995). Two birds similarly on the evening of 20 Dec also probably this species.

Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura
Madden Lake; 1 (29 Dec). Summit Gardens; 6+ (30 Dec) and 4 (1 Jan).

Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis
Cana; 8 (20,22,25 Dec).

Band-tailed Barbthroat Threnetes ruckeri
Cana; 1 along the Boca de Cupe trail (22 Dec).

Green Hermit Phaethornis guy
Cana; 6 (21,23,24,26 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 1 (28 Dec).

Long-tailed Hermit Phaethornis superciliosus
Cana; common (20-27 Dec).

Pale-bellied Hermit Phaethornis anthophilus
El Real; 1 (3 Jan) near the pond along the Pinogana trail. Another along the Pirre trail (4 Jan) under low forest near the river.

Little Hermit Phaethornis longuemareus
Cana; 3 (21,22 Dec). Santa Fe; 3 (30,31 Dec). El Real; 5+ (3,4 Jan).

White-tipped Sicklebill Eutoxeres aquila
Cana; 1 (26 Dec) perched near Heliconia at the first stream crossing along the Mining trail (more southerly one leaving the camp). Quite fearles, and watched at length.

Tooth-billed Hummingbird Androdon aequatorialis
Cana; A single bird found in elfin cloud forest at the top of the Cerro Pirre ridge. Feeds on the distinctive tubular pink/white flowers (name not known) that grow in small bunches fairly high up. The one seen was defending such flowers.

White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora
Pipeline Road; 1_ (29 Dec).

Lesser Violetear Colibri thalassinus
Cerro Colorado; 30+ (18 Dec).

Veraguan Mango Anthracothorax veraguensis
A single female feeding in a roadside Inga 19 km east of San Felix (18 Dec).

Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis
El Real; a single female along the Pirre trail (5 Jan).

Violet-headed Hummingbird Klais guimeti
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec). Santa Fe; 1 (19 Dec) and 4 (31 Dec). Cana; 1 (27 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 3 (2 Jan).

Rufous-crested Coquette Lophornis delattrei
Cana; 1 single bird in open edge at the first bend in the Setetule trail, c200 metres below the camp (21 Dec).

Garden Emerald Chlorostilbon assimilis
Cerro Colorado; 3 (18 Dec) and 2 (1 Jan). Cerro Azúl; 1 (28 Dec).

Violet-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica
Santa Fe; 5 (17,31 Dec).

Green-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania fannyi
Cana; 8 (21-26 Dec). El Real; 4 (3-5 Jan).

Violet-bellied Hummingbird Chlorestes julie
Cana; 1 (26 Jan). El Real; 3 (5 Jan).

Sapphire-throated Hummingbird Chrysuronia coeruleogularis
Pipeline Road; 2+ (29 Dec).

Blue-throated Sapphire Chlorestes eliciae
Pipeline Road; 2+ (29 Dec).

Violet-capped Hummingbird Goldmania violiceps
Cerro Jefe; 4+ (28 Dec, 2 Jan).

Rufous-cheeked (Pirre) Hummingbird Goldmania bella
Cana; a total of c8 birds above and below the campsite on Cerro Pirre (23-25 Dec). Feeds extensively on the "hot-lips" shrubs of the forest understorey.

Blue-chested Hummingbird Polyerata amabilis
Cana; a single male (21 Dec).

Snowy-bellied Hummingbird Saucerottia edward
Cerro Jefe; 4 (28 Dec, 2 Jan) at lower elevation. Cerro Colorado; 1 (1 Jan). Summit Gardens area; 1 (1 Jan).

Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl
Widespread and fairly common in open scrub.

Black-bellied Hummingbird Eupherusa nigriventris
Cerro Colorado; a single female (18 dec).

White-vented Plumeleteer Chalybura buffonii
Cana; fairly common at lower elevations, in forest understorey (20-27 Dec)

Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer Chalybura urochrysia
Santa Fe; 2 (17 Dec). Cana; 4+ (23 Dec) at higher elevations.

Purple-throated Mountain-gem Lampornis calolaema
Cerro Colorado; 2 (18 Dec).

Hummingbird sp.
A most bizarre hummingbird was observed at Cerro Colorado (18 Dec). Whilst appearing to be a fully plumaged male, this species resembled no hummingbird, known to us, in any way at all. The bird was in forest edge at 1,200 m., perched about 5-6 metres up. In size, structure and form resembled Purple-throated Mountain-gem. Bill distinctly red on lower mandible. Upperparts, head and upper breast all deep metallic blue. Tail steel blue with no white spots. Most striking feature was pure white undertail and belly, sharply cut-off from metallic blue lower breast, as seen in Snowy-bellied Hummingbird. A thin metallic green line between this white belly and the metallic lower breast.

Green-crowned Brilliant Heliodoxa jacula
Cana; an immature male, with rufous cheeks, along the Mining trails (21 Dec).

Greenish Puffleg Haplophaedia aurelia
Cana; 10+ at higher elevations on Cerro Pirre (23-25 Dec).

Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti
Cana; 3 (21-22 Dec).

Magenta-throated Woodstar Philodice bryantae
Cerro Colorado; 3 (18 Dec).

Scintillant Hummingbird Selasphorus scintilla
Cerro Colorado; 20+ (18 Dec), above Hato Chamí. It was the major surprise, and disappointment, to find Scintillant Hummingbird to be common here. According to Ridgely and Gwynne (1989) there is only one record of Scintillant (which occurs in western Chiriquí and Costa Rica) from the nearby Cerro Flores. Our observations of 20+ individuals included three fully plumaged males, and several females were studied at length through a scope. Given the low proportion of males it is possible that some earlier sightings of "Glow-throats" from this locality may have been female Scintillant. This might have led to the erroneous conception that only Glow-throated Hummingbird occurs in this area.

Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus
Cana; 4+ (21-26 Dec). El Real; common (3-5 Jan).

Collared Trogon Trogon collaris
Cana; 2 (23,24 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 2 heard (28 Dec) presumed to be this species.

Orange-bellied Trogon Trogon aurantiiventris
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec).

Violaceous Trogon Trogon violaceus
Cana; 5 (20-27 Dec).

Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquata
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec). El Real; 3+ (4-5 Dec).

Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona
Cana; 1 (20 Dec) along the stream behind the camp. Summit Gardens area; 2 (30 Jan, 1 Jan).

Tody Motmot Hylomanes momotula
Cana; 2 singles (23 Dec) along the the Pirre trail, half way between camp and campsite.

Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum
Cana; 1 Boca de Cupe trail (26 Dec).

Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii
Cana; 1 Mining trails (21 Dec). Cerro Azúl; 3 (28 Dec).

Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus momota
Santa Fe; 3 (31 Dec) nearer summit of Cerro Tute.

Dusky-backed Jacamar Brachygalba salmoni
Cana; 3-4 individuals seen on several occasions along Boca de Cupe trail.

Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda
El Real; 1 (3 Jan) Pinogana trail.

Great Jacamar Jacamerops aurea
Cana; 3 birds on several occasions (20,21,25) around the beginning of Boca de Cupe trail.

White-necked Puffbird Notharchus macrorhynchos
Pipieline Road; 2 (29 Jan). El Real; 1 (3 Jan).

Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus
Cana; 4 (21,22,27 Dec). El Real; 2 (4,5 Jan).

Barred Puffbird Nystalus radiatus
Cana; 4 (21-27 Dec). El Real; 1 (4 Jan).

White-whiskered Puffbird Malacoptila panamensis
Cana; 3 (21,22,27 Dec).

Grey-cheeked Nunlet Nonnula frontalis
3-4 birds seen on several occasions (21-26 Dec) along Boca de Cupe trail.

White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus
Cana; 4 Boca de Cupe trail (21,22 Dec).

Spot-crowned Barbet Capito maculicoronatus
Cana; 7 (21,22,26 Dec). El Real; 4 (3,5 Jan).

Red-headed Barbet Eubucco bourcierii
Cana; 1 (23 Dec).

Prong-billed Barbet Semnornis frantzii
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec).

Emerald Toucanet Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Cerro Azúl; 1 (28 Jan). Pipeline Road; 2 (29 Dec). Santa Fe; 2 (30 Dec).

Collared Aracari Pteroglossus torquatus
Cana; 10+ (20-22 Dec). El Real; common (3-5 Jan).

Yellow-eared Toucanet Selenidera spectabilis
Cana; 1 along the Mining trails (25 Dec).

Keel-billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus
Common. recorded in all localities except Cerro Colorado.

Chestnut-mandibled Toucan Ramphastos swainsonii
Cana; common (20-27 Dec). El Real; 2 heard (4 Jan).

Olivaceous Piculet Picumnus olivaceus
Cana; 9+ (20-27 Dec).

Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus
Cerro Colorado; 4 (18 Dec).

Black-cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani
Santa Fe; 2 (19,31 Dec). Cana; 3 (20,25 Dec).

Red-crowned Woodpecker Melanerpes rubricapillus
Santa Fe; 3 (17,19 Dec). Pipeline Road; 1 (29 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 2 (2 Jan). El Real; 10+ (3-5 Jan).

Red-rumped Woodpecker Veniliornis kirkii
Cana; 8 (20-27 Dec). El Real; 6 (3-5 Jan).

Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker Piculus callopterus
Cana; A single (22 Dec) in the canopy along the Boca de Cupe trail.

Spot-breasted Woodpecker Colaptes punctigula
El Real; 1_ (3 Jan) around the pond along the Pinogana trail. Two others along the Pirre trail (5 Jan).

Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus
Cana; 3 (20,22,25 Dec).

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus
Cana; 4 (20-27 Dec). Santa Fe; 1 (30 Dec). El Real; common (3-5 Jan).

Crimson-bellied Woodpecker Campephilus haematogaster
Cana; 6 sightings of 3-4 birds along the Boca de Cupe trail (20,21,25 Dec).

Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos
Cana; 2 (21 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 1 (28 Dec).

Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa
Cana; always seen at ant swarms. A total of 9+ (21-25 Dec).

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus
Pipeline Road; 1 (29 Dec).

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus
Cana; 2 (20,25 Dec). Madden Lake; 1 (29 Dec).

Barred Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes certhia
Cana; 2 (20,22 Dec).

Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus
Cana; 5 (20,21,26 Dec). El Real; 4 (5 Jan).

Black-striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus
Cana; 13+ (21-23 Dec).

Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec).

Streak-headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii
Cana; common (20-27 Dec). El Real; 4 (5 Jan).

Brown-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus pusillus
Cana; 2 (24 Jan) high on Cerro Pirre.

Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura
Cana; common around the camp (20-27 Dec). El Real; 6+ (3-5 Jan).

Red-faced Spinetail Cranioleuca erythrops
Santa Fe; 1 heard (31 Dec) presumed to be this species.

Double-banded Greytail Xenerpestes minlosi
Cana; Pair nest building, in the top of a palm, in first large cleared area on right, along the Boca de Cupe trail (22,26 Dec). El Real; 3 (4,5 Jan) along the Pirre trail. Easily overlooked as a warbler or other small, drab passerine.

Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec).

Lineated Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla subalaris
Cana; 10+ (23-26 Dec), mainly at higher elevations.

Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner Philydor fuscipennis
Cana; 3+ (20,22 Dec).

Ochre-throated Foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus
Cana; 2 (26 Dec).

Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus
Cana; 1 (23 Dec) about half-way up Cerro Pirre.

Scaly-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus guatemalensis
Cana; 2+ (22,25 Dec) along Boca de Cupe trail.

Northern Plain Xenops Xenops mexicanus
Cana; 1 (21 Dec) around the camp. El Real; 1 Pirre trail (5 Jan).

Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans
Cana; 8+ (21-26 Dec).

Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus
Cana; 5 (22,25 Dec).

Great Antshrike Taraba major
Cana; 3+ (21,23 Dec). El Real; 8+ (3-5 Jan).

Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus
Pipeline Road; 2 (29 Dec). Summit area; 4 (30 Dec).

Black Antshrike Thamnophilus nigriceps
El Real; 6+ heard and a few seen along all trails. Favours heavy tangles at forest edge, usually damp or near water. Quite a small, delicate species.

Western Slaty Antshrike Thamnophilus atrinucha
Cana; 10+ (21-27 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 10+ (28 Dec, 2 Jan). Summit area; 2 (1 Jan).

Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus
Cana; 2+ (23,24 Dec) feeding high in the canopy with mixed feeding flocks.

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis
Cana; 12+ (20-26 Dec).

Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyura
Cana; 6+ (20,26 Dec).

Streaked Antwren Myrmotherula surinamensis
Cana; common.

Checker-throated Stipplethroat Myrmotherula fulviventris
Cana; 4+ (20,23,26 Dec).

White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris
Cana; 4 (21,23 Dec).

Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor
Santa Fe; 2 (17 Dec). Cana; 8 (20-27 Dec). Summit area; 2 (30 Dec).

Rusty-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
Cana; 6+ (20,22,26 Dec) all along Boca de Cupe trail.

Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis
Cana; common at lower elevations.

Dusky Antbird Cercomacra tyrannina
Santa Fe; 2 (17 Dec). Cana; 4 (20,21 Dec).

Jet Antbird Cercomacra nigricans
Cana; 8+ (20,23,26,27 Dec) in cleared areas of Boca de Cupe trail.

Bare-crowned Antbird Gymnocichla nudiceps
Cana; 9 (20,22,26) in cleared areas of Boca de Cupe trail and around airstrip.

White-bellied Antbird Myrmeciza longipes
Summit area; 1 (1 Jan) seen well about half-way along track.

Chestnut-backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul
Cana; 3 (20,21 Dec). El Real; 15+ Pirre trail (4-5 Jan).

Dull-mantled Antbird Myrmeciza laemosticta
Cana; 2+ (21,26 Dec) Mining trail and Boca de Cupe trail.

Immaculate Antbird Myrmeciza immaculata
Cana; 1 (25 Dec) at an ant swarm just above campsite.

Bicoloured Antbird Gymnopithys bicolor
Cana; 20+ (21-25 Dec) mainly around ant swarms.

Wing-banded Antbird Myrmornis torquata
Cana; 4+ (23,25 Dec) mainly in area about two-thirds between camp and campsite.

Spotted Antbird Hylophylax naevioides
Cana; 20+ (21-26 Dec).

Ocellated Antbird Phaenostictus mcleannani
Cana; 3+ (23-25 Dec) in area below campsite.

Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis
Cana; 5+ (20,22,23 Dec).

Rufous-breasted Antthrush Formicarius rufipectus
Cana; 4+ (23-25 Dec) mainly around campsite. One found roosting in bamboo thickets around the campsite.

Black-crowned Antpitta Pittasoma michleri
Cana; 3+ (20,22,26 Dec) all along Boca de Cupe trail.

Scaled Antpitta Grallaria guatimalensis
Cana; 1 (25 Dec) at an ant swarm just above the campsite.

Spectacled Antpitta Hylopezus perspicillatus
Santa Fe; 1 heard (19 Dec). Cana; 2 (22 Dec).

Fulvous-bellied Antpitta Hylopezus dives
Cana; 10+ (20,22,26 Dec) all along Boca de Cupe trail.

Pirre Tapaculo Scytalopus sp.
Originally classified as a form of Narino Tapaculo S. vicinior, this tapaculo, restricted to Cerro Pirre, is currently, pending further data, best regarded as an unclassified species (Ridgely and Tudor, 1994). Seems to be difficult to see, and missed by most trips. Cana; 3 heard higher on the slopes of Cerro Pirre (23,25 Dec). In response to playback, all birds quit calling and disappeared.

Silvery-fronted Tapaculo Scytalopus argentifrons
Cerro Colorado; 10+ (18 Dec). Readily responsive to tape playback, and a few seen.

Speckled Mourner Laniocera rufescens
Cana; 2+ birds heard and seen, Boca de Cupe trail (22 Dec). Apparently fairly common at Cana, but it is necessary to know the call, otherwise difficult to find.

Rufous Piha Lipaugus unirufus
Cana; 3+ (22-25 Dec).

Blue Cotinga Cotinga nattererii
Cana; 5 birds (22,26 Dec), all Boca de Cupe trail.

Black-tipped Cotinga Carpodectes hopkei
Cana; Three sightings of a male, presumably the same bird, around the camp (22,23,27 Dec).

Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata
Cana; 6+ (22,26 Dec) Boca de Cupe trail. El Real; 4 (4-5 Dec).

Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus
Cana; 3+ (21,23,25 Dec) along Mining trail and Pirre trail.

Velvety Manakin Pipra velutina
Cana; 7+ (21-27 Dec).

Lance-tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia lanceolata
Madden Lake; 1 (29 Dec). Summit Gardens area; 2 (1 Jan).

White-ruffed Manakin Corapipo altera
Cana; 6+ (21,25,26). Santa Fe; 4+ (30,31 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 4 (2 Jan). El Real; 4+ (4-5 Jan).

Golden-collared Manakin Manacus vitellinus
Santa Fe; 10+ (19,30,31 Dec).

Green Manakin Chloropipo holochlora
Cana; A pair (26 Dec) along the Boca de Cupe trail, just after first clearing.

Broad-billed Sapayoa Sapayoa aenigma
Cana; A single bird observed twice (21,26 Dec) seen perched about two metres above the first stream along the Mining trails. This bird was the subject of much discussion, re its perceived size in the field. Without comparative experience, it is confusable with both Thrush-like Manakin and Green Manakin.

Olive-streaked Flycatcher Mionectes galbinus
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec).

Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus
Cana; 2 (23,26 Dec).

Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec).

Bronze-olive Pygmy-Tyrant Pseudotriccus pelzelni
Cana; One seen and another two heard (24 Dec) in the elfin forest along the summit ridge of Cerro Pirre.

Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum
Cana; 7+ (21,26,27 Dec). Pipeline Road; 1 (29 Dec). Cerro Colorado; 1 (1 Jan). Summit Gardens area; 1 (1 Jan).

Sooty-headed Tyrannulet Phyllomyias griseiceps
Cana; 8+ (20,21,22,25 Dec).

Mistletoe Tyrannulet Zimmerius parvus
Madden Lake; 1 (29 Dec).

Brown-capped Tyrannulet Ornithion brunneicapillum
Cana; 1 (25 Dec). Cerro Colorado; 1 (1 Jan).

Southern Beardless Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum
Summit Gardens area; 2 (30 Dec). El Real; 2 (4 Jan).

Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola
Cerro Colorado; 2 (1 Jan).

Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus
Madden Lake; 1 (29 Dec).

Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii
Cana; 1 (21 Dec).

Choco Elaenia Myiopagis parambae
Cana; 6 (21,22,25,27 Dec) along the Setetule trail.

Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata
Cana; 3 (26,27 Dec).

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster
Madden Lake; 2 (29 Dec).

Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec). El Real; 1 (4 Jan).

Panama Tyrannulet Phylloscartes flavovirens
Madden Lake; 2 (29 Dec).

Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis atricapillus
Cana; 1 (22 Dec). El Real; 3+ (4,5 Jan).

Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus
Santa Fe; 4 (17,31 Dec). Cana; 1 (23 Dec). Cerro Colorado; 1 (1 Jan). Cerro Jefe; 1 (1 Jan).

Southern Bentbill Oncostoma olivaceum
Cana; 2 (22 Dec). Madden Lake; 2 heard (29 Dec).

Brownish Twistwing Cnipodectes subbrunneus
Cana; 4 (21,26 Dec).

Eye-ringed Flatbill Rhynchocyclus brevirostris
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec). Cana; 2 (25,26 Dec).

Western Olivaceous Flatbill Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis
Cana; 1 (26 Dec).

Yellow-margined Flatbill Tolmomyias assimilis
Cana; 3+ (22,25 Dec). Madden Lake; 1 (29 Dec). El Real; 4 (3-5 Jan).

White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus
Cana; 1 (23 Dec) around the campsite.

Tropical Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus
Cana; 1 (21 Dec) along the Mining trail.

Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius erythrurus
Cana; 6 (20-26 Dec). El Real; 3 (4,5 Jan).

Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher Myiobius sulphureipygius
Cana; 10+ (21-27 Dec).

Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus
Summit Gardens area; 1 (1 Jan). El Real; 1 (4 Jan) along the Pirre trail.

Black-billed Flycatcher Aphanotriccus audax
Cana; 2 (20 Dec) in canopy just at start of Boca de Cupe trail. The same two birds seen again briefly (26 Dec).

Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus borealis
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec). Cana; 1 (20 Dec).

Flycatcher Spp. Empidonax sp.
Cana; 1 (25 Dec) heard.

Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus
Cana; 5+ (20,21 Dec). Cerro Azúl; 2+ (28 Dec). El Real; 1 (5 Jan).

Rufous Mourner Rhytipterna holerythra
Cana; 1 (21 Dec). Pipeline Road; 1 (29 Dec).

Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer
Cana; 10+ (21-27 Dec). Santa Fe; 1 (31 Dec).

Panama Flycatcher Myiarchus panamensis
Madden Lake; 1 (29 dec). El Real; 3 (3-5 Jan).

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus
Widespread and common.

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana
A few en route in central Panama (18-20 Dec). Cerro Colorado; 1 (1 Jan).

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua
Cerro Colorado; 1 heard (18 Dec). Pipeline Road; 2 (29 Dec). El Real; 3 (5 Jan).

White-ringed Flycatcher Conopias albovittata
Cana; 2 (22,23 Dec) heard.

Golden-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes hemichrysus
Cana; 1 (23 Dec).

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus
Cana; 1 (20 Dec) around the camp. El Real; 4 (4,5 Jan).

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis
Cana; 3 (21,27 Dec). Madden Lake; 4+ (29 Dec). El Real; common (3-5 Jan).

Grey-capped Flycatcher Myiozetetes granadensis
Cana; 8+ (20-27 Dec) around the camp and airstrip.

Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius
Cana; 1+ (27 Dec) around the camp.

Lesser Kiskadee Philohydor lictor
Cana; 6+ (3,4 Jan) around the pond along the Pinogana trail.

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec). Santa Fe; 1 (19 Dec). Madden Lake; 2 (29 Dec).

Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus
Cana; 3+ (20,22,25 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 3+ (28 Dec, 2 Jan) heard, presumed to be this species.

Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus
Cana; 13+ (21-27 Dec). El Real; 4 (4,5 Jan).

White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus
El Real; A single _ (4 Jan) along the Pirre trail.

Cinereous Becard Pachyramphus rufus
Cana; 2 (21 Dec) along the Boca de Cupe trail, and a single _ along the Setetule trial (26 Dec). El Real; _ (4 Jan) along the Pirre trail.

One-coloured Becard Pachyramphus homochrous
Cana; 2_ (20 Dec), _ (27 Dec).

Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata
Cana; 6+ (22-27 Dec). Cerro Azúl; 3 (29 Dec, 2 Jan). El Real; 6+ (3-5 Jan).

Black-chested Jay Cyanocorax affinis
Cana; 8+ (20,22,25,26 Dec). Santa Fe; 4+ (31 Dec). El Real; 12+ (4,5 Jan).

Green Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius pulchellus
Cerro Azúl; 1 (28 Dec). Pipeline Road; 2+ (29 Dec).

Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius eximius
Cana; 7+ (21,23,25,26 Dec). Keeps high in the canopy, where difficult to see. Must be found by voice.

Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons
Cana; 1 (21 Dec).

Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis
Cana; 1 (21 Dec).

Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec).

Scrub Greenlet Hylophilus flavipes
Pipeline Road; 2+ (29 Dec).

Lesser Greenlet Pachysylvia decurtata
Cana; 20+ (21,22,26 Dec). Pipeline Road; 3 (29 Dec). Summit Gardens area; 2 (1 Jan).

Black-and-yellow Silky Flycatcher Phainoptila melanoxantha
Cerro Colorado; 2+ (18 Dec).

Varied Solitaire Myadestes coloratus
Cana; Only a single (25 Dec) somewhat surprisingly at eye level in the forest, just below the campsite. No song of this supposedly common species.

Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus aurantiirostris
Cerro Colorado; 1 heard (18 Dec).

Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus fuscater
Cana; 8+ (23-25 Dec) at and above the campsite on Cerro Pirre.

Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus
Cerro Colorado; 2 (18 Dec). Cana; 1 (22 Dec).

Mountain Thrush Turdus plebejus
Cerro Colorado; 2+ (18 Dec).

Clay-coloured Thrush Turdus grayi
Cerro Azúl; 1 (28 Dec). Canal area; 12+ (29 Dec, 1 Jan). Santa Fe; 4 (31 Dec). Cerro Colorado; 2 (1 Jan). Cerro Jefe; 2 (2 Jan).

White-throated Thrush Turdus assimilis
Cana; 2 (25,26 Dec). Santa Fe; 30+ (31 Dec) near summit of Cerro Tute.

White-headed Wren Campylorhynchus albobrunneus
Cana; 7 (20,21,22,26 Dec), mainly Boca de Cupe trail.

Sooty-headed Wren Thryothorus spadix
Cana; a territorial pair around the campsite on Pirre (24 Dec).

Black-bellied Wren Thryothorus fasciatoventris
Cana; 5 (21,22,26 Dec). El Real; 5 (2,4 Jan).

Rufous-breasted Wren Thryothorus rutilus
Santa Fe; 6 (30,31 Dec).

Bay Wren Thryothorus nigricapillus
Cana; common (20-27 Dec). Birds here are of the distinctive eastern nigricapillus form. Santa Fe; 4+ (31 Dec) of the western form castaneus.

Stripe-throated Wren Thryothorus leucopogon
Cana; 3 (21 Dec) along the Mining trails.

Rufous-and-white Wren Thryothorus rufalbus
Summit Gardens area; 2 (30 Dec).

Plain Wren Thryothorus modestus
Madden Lake; 1 (29 Dec).

Buff-breasted Wren Thryothorus leucotis
Summit Gardens area; 3+ (30 Dec, 1 Jan). El Real; 4+ (3,5 Jan).

Southern House Wren Troglodytes musculus
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec). Cerro Colorado; 2 heard (18 Jan). Cerro Jefe; 4 (28 Dec). El Real; 4 (4 Jan).

Ochraceous Wren Troglodytes ochraceus
Cana; 2 (24 Dec), above the campsite on Pirre.

White-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucosticta
Santa Fe; 4 (17 Dec). Cana; common (20-27 Dec). El Real; 2 (4 Jan).

Grey-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucophrys
Cana; 10 (23-25 Dec) higher on Cerro Pirre.

Whistling Wren Microcerculus luscinia
Cana; 6+ heard (20,21,23,26 Dec), chiefly Boca de Cupe trail.

Song Wren Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus
Cana; 2 (22 Dec) at an ant swarm along Boca de Cupe trail.

Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus
Cerro Jefe; 1 heard (28 Dec). Santa Fe; 2 (31 Dec).

White-browed Gnatcatcher Polioptila bilineata
El Real; 3 (4,5, Jan).

Slate-throated Gnatcatcher Polioptila schistaceigula
Cana; 6+ (21,23,25 Dec).

Mangrove Swallow Tachycineta albilinea
Two birds on the bridge entering Gamboa town (29 Dec).

Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea
Santa Fe; 2 (17 Dec). Cana; 2 (21 Dec). Madden Lake; 4 (29 Dec). Summit Gardens; 2 (1 Jan). El Real; 2 (4 Jan).

Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
Cerro Colorado; 50+ (18 Dec). Santa Fe; 4+ (31 Dec) around Cerro Tute summit.

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Cana; common (20-27 Dec). El Real; 20 (4 Jan).

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
Santa Fe; 3 (19,31 Dec). Cana; common (20-27 Dec). El Real; 4 (4 Jan).

House Sparrow Passer domesticus
A single en route near Santiago (30 Dec).

Lesser Goldfinch Carduelis psaltria
Cerro Azúl; 2 (30 Dec).

Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec). Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec). Cana; 5+ (21-25 Dec).

Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina
Cerro Jefe; 1 (28 Dec). Madden Lake; 2 (29 Dec). Santa Fe; 3 (31 Dec). Summit Gardens area; 2 (1 Jan).

Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi
Santa Fe; 3 (17 Dec). Cana; 10+ (21-27 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 1 (28 Dec).

Flame-throated Warbler Parula gutturalis
Cerro Colorado; 2 (28 Dec) in a large mixed flock. Apparently rare this far east.

Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia
Cerro Jefe; 1 (2 Jan). El Real; 5 (4,5 Jan).

Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica
Santa Fe; 1 (19 Dec). Cana; 5 (21-23 Dec). Madden; 1 (29 Dec). Summit Gardens; 1 (1 Jan). El Real; 4 (4,5 Jan).

Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec).

Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec). Cana; 3 (21,23,25 Dec). Cerro Azúl; 1 (28 Dec).

Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica castanea
Cana; 10+ (20-26 Dec). Madden Lake; 4 (29 Dec). Santa Fe; 1 (30 Dec).

Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia
Cerro Colorado; 2 (18 Dec). Cana; 4+ (21-25 Dec). Santa Fe; 1 (30 Dec). Jefe; 1 (2 Jan)

American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla
Cana; 4+ (22,24,25 Dec).

Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus
Cana; 1 (20 Dec) at start of Boca de Cupe trail.

Mourning Warbler Oporornis philadelphia
Cana; 1 (22 Dec). El Real; 1 (4 Jan) along track to airstrip.

Wilson's Warbler Wilsonia pusilla
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec). Another near Divisa (19 Dec).

Slate-throated Redstart Myioborus miniatus
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec). Cana; 6 (23,24 Dec) higher on Cerro Pirre.

Collared Redstart Myioborus torquatus
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec) in large mixed feeding flock.

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus
Cerro Colorado; 3 (18 Dec).

Chestnut-capped Warbler Basileuterus delattrii
Santa Fe; 4 (19,31 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 2 (28 Jan).

Pirre Warbler Basileuterus ignotus
Cana; A single bird in a mixed feeding flock on the top of Pirre ridge (24 Dec).

Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus
Cerro Jefe; 1 (2 Jan) in a mixed feeding flock.

Buff-rumped Warbler Basileuterus fulvicauda
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec). Cana; 1 (21 Dec) on Mining trails.

Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris
Cana; 3 (21,26 Dec). Santa Fe; 1 (31 Dec). Summit Gardens area; 2 (1 Jan).

Black-striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris
Santa Fe; 1 heard (19 Dec). Cana; 2 (21 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 2 (28 Dec).

Yellow-throated Brushfinch Atlapetes gutturalis
Santa Fe; 3 (17 Dec). Cerro Colorado; 2 (18 Dec).

Chestnut-capped Brushfinch Atlapetes brunneinucha
Cana; 12+ (21,22 Dec).

Black-headed Brushfinch Atlapetes atricapillus
Cerro Jefe; 2 (28 Dec) low down in scrub along road by summit.

Yellow-green Brushfinch Atlapetes luteoviridis
Cerro Colorado; 3 at upper elevations (18 Dec). The first pair were with a large mixed feeding flock, and were feeding 2-3 metres above the ground. Another, solitary bird was feeding near the ground at the edge of the track. Forms a superspecies with Yellow-thighed Brushfinch A. tibialis of Costa Rica and western Panama.

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola
Cana; fairly common in open areas at lower elevations (21-27 Dec).

White-eared Conebill Conirostrum leucogenys
Cana; 7+ (21,22,26,27 Dec) all along the Setetule trail. El Real; 2+ Pirre trail (4,5 Jan).

Common Chlorospingus Chlorospingus ophthalmicus
Cerro Colorado; 4 (18 Dec) were of the Bocas del Toro form punculatus.

Tacarcuna Chlorospingus Chlorospingus tacarcunae
Cerro Jefe; A single bird (2 Jan) found after much effort, feeding low down in a mixed flock.

Pirre Chlorospingus Chlorospingus inornatus
Cana; 14+ (23-25 Dec) all around or above the Pirre campsite.

Sooty-capped Chlorospingus Chlorospingus pileatus
Cerro Colorado; 10+ (18 Dec) at highest point of road.

Yellow-throated Chlorospingus Chlorospingus flavigularis
Santa Fe; 3 (17 Dec).

Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis
Cana; 20+ (21-27 Dec).

Black-and-yellow Tanager Chrysothlypis chrysomelas
Cana; 14+ (23,24 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 6+ (2 Jan). Usually in small solitary groups.

Rosy Thrush-Tanager Rhodinocichla rosea
Summit Gardens area; 4+ (30 Dec). Santa Fe; 4+ (30,31 Dec).

Dusky-faced Tanager Mitrospingus cassinii
Cana; 8+ (21,26 Dec).

Carmiol's Tanager Chlorothraupis carmioli
Cerro Jefe; common (28 Dec, 2 Jan).

Lemon-spectacled Tanager Chlorothraupis olivacea
Cana; a single (21 Dec) on the Mining trails.

Scarlet-browed Tanager Heterospingus xanthopygius
Cana; 2+ (25 Dec) about halfway down from Pirre campsite.

White-shouldered Tanager Loriotus luctuosus
Cana; 12+ (21-27 Dec). Pipeline Road; 6+ (29 Dec). El Real; 2 (4 Jan).

White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus
Santa Fe; 4+ (30 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 3 (2 Jan).

Red-throated Ant Tanager Driophlox fuscicauda
Santa Fe; 20+ (17,31 Dec). Pipeline Road; 2 (29 Dec).

Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava
Santa Fe; 3 (17 Dec). Cana; 2 (21,27 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 4 (28 Dec, 2 Jan).

Summer Tanager Piranga rubra
Small numbers in various areas.

Crimson-backed Tanager Ramphocelus dimidiatus
Cana; 5+ (21-27 Dec). Summit Gardens area; 2 (1 Jan). Cerro Jefe; 2 (2 Jan). El Real; 8 (3,4 Jan).

Flame-rumped Tanager Ramphocelus flammigerus
Cana; common around the camp (20-27 Dec).

Blue-grey Tanager Thraupis episcopus
Widespread and fairly common.

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum
Santa Fe; 2 (17 Dec). Cana; 1 (23 Dec).

Blue-and-gold Tanager Bangsia arcaei
Cerro Jefe; A single in a large feeding flock near the summit (2 Jan). Rarely recorded here.

Yellow-crowned Euphonia Euphonia luteicapilla
Cerro Jefe; 2 (28 Dec). Madden Lake; 1 (29 Dec).

Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec).

Fulvous-vented Euphonia Euphonia fulvicrissa
Cana; 6 (21,26 Dec) all along the Mining trails. Madden Lake; 2 (29 Dec).

Tawny-capped Euphonia Euphonia anneae
Santa Fe; 4 (17 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 6 (28 Dec, 2 Jan).

Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster
Cana; 2+ (24 Dec) near the summit.

Golden-browed Chlorophonia Chlorophonia callophrys
Santa Fe; 2 (19 Dec).

Plain-coloured Tanager Tangara inornata
Widespread east of Panama City.

Silver-throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala
Santa Fe; 3 (17 Dec).

Speckled Tanager Ixothraupis guttata
Cana; 12+ (21-27 Dec).

Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola
Santa Fe; 12+ (17,19,31 Dec). Cana; 6 (21,23 Dec). Cerro Azúl; 2 (28 Dec).

Golden-hooded Tanager Stilpnia larvata
Cana; common (20-27 Dec).

Green-naped Tanager Tangara fucosa
Cana; 10+ (23,24 Dec) all above the Pirre campsite.

Scarlet-thighed Dacnis Dacnis venusta
Cerro Colorado; 2 (1 Jan) below Hato Chamí.

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana
Cana; 1 (21 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 2 (28 Dec). El Real; 5+ (4,5 Jan).

Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza
Cana; 3 (21,25,27 Dec).

Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus
Cana; 8 (20,21 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 10+ (2 Jan). El Real; 10 (4 Jan).

Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis
Cana; 1 (21,27 Dec) around the camp.

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina
Santa Fe; 5 (17,19 Dec). Cerro Colorado; common (18 Dec, 1 Jan). Cerro Jefe; 2 (28 Dec). Madden Lake; 4 (29 Dec). Summmit Gardens area; common (30 Dec, 1 Jan).

Variable Seedeater Sporophila aurita
Cana; common around the camp (20-27 Dec). Summit Gardens area; 4+ (30 Dec). El Real; 20+ (3,4 Jan).

Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis
Cana; A single female near the camp (27 Dec).

Thick-billed Seed Finch Sporophila funerea
Summit Gardens area; 2 (1 Jan). Cero Jefe; 4+ (2 Jan). El Real; 4+ (3-5 Jan).

Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivacea
Santa Fe; 5+ (19,30,31 Dec). Cerro Jefe; common at upper elevations (29 Dec, 2 Jan).

Slaty Flower-piercer Diglossa plumbea
Cerro Colorado; 4 (18 Dec) at higher elevations. Apparently rare this far east.

Dickcissel Spiza americana
Summit Gardens area; 1 (1 Jan).

Black-thighed Grosbeak Pheucticus tibialis
Cerro Colorado; 1 (18 Dec).

Yellow-green Grosbeak Caryothraustes canadensis
Cana; 6+ (22 Dec) along the Mining trails.

Slate-coloured Grosbeak Pitylus grossus
Cana; 7+ (21-26 Dec).

Black-headed Saltator Saltator atriceps
Santa Fe; 8 (31 Dec).

Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus
Widespread and common.

Streaked Saltator Saltator albicollis
Cerro Jefe; 6+ (28 Dec, 2 Jan). Summit Gardens area; 8+ (30 Dec, 1 Jan).

Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanoloxia cyanoides
Cana; 2 (25,26 Dec). Cerro Jefe; 2 (2 Jan).

Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus
Cana; 6 (20-27 Dec). El Real; common (3-5 Jan).

Chestnut-headed Oropendola Psarocolius wagleri
Cana; 4 (20-22 Dec). Santa Fe; 20+ (21 Dec).

Black Oropendola Gymnostinops guatimozinus
El Real; Four singles in different areas (3-5 Jan). Never really seen in the open like other oropendola sp.

Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela
Cana; 4 (20-22 Dec). El Real; 2 (5 Jan).

Scarlet-rumped Cacique Cacicus microrhynchus
Cana; 2 (26 Dec). Santa fe; 2 (30 Dec).

Yellow-billed Cacique Amblycercus holosericeus
El Real; 3 in heavy bamboo thickets along the Pirre trail (4 Jan).

Yellow-backed Oriole Icterus chrysater
El Real; common and vocal in open areas (3-5 Jan).

Yellow-tailed Oriole Icterus mesomelas
Cana; 3 (20,21 Dec) in open scrub at the end of the airstrip.

Northern Oriole Icterus galbula
Madden Lake; 4+ (29 Jan). Cerro Colorado; 1 (1 Jan). El Real; 3 (3,5,Jan).

Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius
Madden Lake; 4+ (29 Jan).

Red-breasted Meadowlark Leistes militaris
El Real; common in grasslands around the airstrip (4,5 Jan).

Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna
Cerro Jefe; 4 in the grasslands a few kilometres below the summit (2 Jan).

Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus
Common in Canal Zone. Not specifically noted elsewhere.

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis
El Real; 2 along the track to the airstrip (4 Jan).

Giant Cowbird Scaphidura oryzivora
Santa Fe; 1 (17 Dec). Cana; 10 (20,27 Dec). El Real; 5 (3,4 Jan).

Section 1 - Introduction, logistics, itinerary and general information.
Section 2 - Birding sites (part 1).
Section 3 - Birding sites (part 2).
Section 4 - Birding sites (part 3).